1946—1953年美国对菲律宾的军事援助研究

On the Military Assistance from the United States to the Philippines from 1946 to 1953

菲律宾独立前后,美国参谋长联席会议与美国国务院—陆军部—海军部协调委员会提出建议,美国国会通过了《菲律宾共和国军事援助法案》《美国驻菲律宾军事基地协定》《美菲关于对菲律宾军事援助协定》等法案,美国政府开始实施对菲律宾的军事援助。此后,美国国会又通过了若干法案,将美国对菲律宾的军事援助纳入到美国的共同安全计划范围之内。然而,双方合作仍存在诸多问题,如菲律宾极度依赖美国供应武器、美国供应的武器装备过时、先进武器匮乏,菲律宾军队发展受控于美国军事顾问团,缺乏自主性等。朝鲜战争爆发后,为了稳定菲律宾的局势,保证对菲律宾的控制,美国通过增加军事武器数量、派遣军事专家提供作战指导等手段,最终协助菲律宾政府于1953年镇压了胡克运动。美国通过军事援助促使菲律宾在美国军事基地问题上做出让步,稳固了美菲军事同盟,也帮助菲律宾完成国防安全建设任务,减轻菲律宾的财政和经济压力,稳定菲律宾的国内局势。同时,军援使得菲律宾在国家安全方面严重依赖美国,并成为战后美国扩张其在东南亚势力的重要支点。

Before and after the independence of the Philippines,the U.S.Joint Chiefs of Staff and the State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee(SWNCC)made recommendations,and the U.S.Congress passed the Republic of the Philippines Military Assistance Act,the Agreement on U.S.Military Bases in the Philippines,and the Military Assistance Agreement between the Philippines and the United States and other bills to implement military assistance to the Philippines.Following this,the U.S.Congress has enacted multiple bills integrating military assistance to the Philippines into the U.S.common security plan.Nonetheless,significant challenges persist in bilateral cooperation,including the Philippines'heavy reliance on the U.S.arms supply,provision of outdated weaponry,and lack of access to advanced weapons.The military development of the Philippines is overseen by the U.S.military advisory group,resulting in limited autonomy.With the onset of the Korean War,the U.S.escalated military aid to stabilize the Philippine situation,bolster control,and provide combat guidance,culminating in the suppression of the Hukbalahap Rebellion in 1953.The US military assistance coerced the Philippines into conceding on US military base issues,solidifying the US-Philippines military alliance.It facilitated completion of the Philippines'defense tasks,eased financial strain,and stabilized domestic affairs.However,it also entrenched heavy dependency on the U.S.for national security,serving as a key lever for post-war U.S.power expansion in Southeast Asia.