2012-2021年中国输入性疟疾病例特征分析

Characteristics of imported malaria cases in China from 2012 to 2021

目的 分析2012-2021年中国输入性疟疾病例特征,以便对输入性疟疾疫情有所了解,并据此制定较好的防控措施。方法 根据2012-2021年全国网报系统报告及相关文献资料收集我国近10年输入性疟疾病例数据资料,对病例数、虫种构成、地区分布及死亡病例进行分析,地区间病死率的比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果 2012-2021年,我国以输入性病例为主,主要输入地为非洲,其次为亚洲。全国共报告输入性疟疾病例26 314例(占98.81%),其中恶性疟占64.02%,间日疟病例占23.26%,卵形疟占8.98%,三日疟占2.28%,混合感染占1.52%。受新型冠状病毒疫情影响,2017-2021年境外输入性疟疾病例数较2012-2016年下降了37.37%,输入地仍以非洲(8 731例,占86.57%)和亚洲(1 255例,占12.44%)为主。2012-2019年病例报告数居前5省为云南(3 707例)、广西(3 018例)、江苏(2 333例)、四川(1 905例)、浙江(1 543例),共占全国病例报告数的51.56%。死亡病例最多的5省为四川(13例)、河南(13例)、广东(13例)、北京(12例)、山东(10例),占全国死亡病例报告数的43.57%。结论 境外输入性疟疾疫情较为突出,需加强监测和管理,提高对输入疟疾病例的诊疗水平,减少死亡病例的发生。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of imported malaria cases in China from 2012 to 2021 in order to understand the epidemic situation of imported malaria and formulate better prevention and control measures.Methods Data of imported malaria cases in the past 10 years were collected based on the national online reporting system and related literature data from 2012 to 2021.The number of cases,species composition,regional distribution and death cases were analyzed,and the case fatality rate was compared between regions using χ^(2) test.Results From 2012 to 2021,the majority of imported cases were imported from Africa,followed by Asia.A total of 26 314 imported malaria cases(98.81%)were reported in China;of which,64.02% were falciparum malaria cases,23.26% were vivax malaria cases,8.98% were ovoid malaria cases,2.28% were malarial malaria cases and 1.52% were mixed infections.Due to the impact of the novel coronavirus epidemic,the number of imported malaria cases from 2017 to 2021 decreased by 37.37% compared with that from 2012 to 2016.Africa(8 731 cases,accounting for 86.57%)and Asia(1 255 cases,accounting for 12.44%)were still the main sources of imported cases.From 2012 to 2019,Yunnan(3 707 cases),Guangxi(3 018 cases),Jiangsu(2 333 cases),Sichuan(1 905 cases)and Zhejiang(1 543 cases)ranked the top five provinces in terms of the number of reported cases,accounting for 51.56% of the total.The five provinces with the highest number of deaths were Sichuan(13 cases),Henan(13 cases),Guangdong(13 cases),Beijing(12 cases)and Shandong(10 cases),accounting for 43.57%of the reported deaths nationwide.Conclusions The imported malaria epidemic was more prominent.It should be necessary to strengthen surveillance and management,improve the diagnosis and treatment level of imported malaria cases,and reduce the incidence of deaths.