沙门菌调控NOD样受体机制的研究进展

Progresson mechanism of Salmonella regulating NOD-like receptor

沙门菌作为一种重要食源性病原菌,可广泛感染动物和人,严重威胁宿主健康。沙门菌入侵时,首先与宿主天然吞噬细胞等的模式识别受体(pattern recognition receptor,PRR)结合并激活天然免疫应答。NOD样受体(NOD-like receptors,NLR)作为一种细胞质PRR,在病原体感染和肿瘤免疫中发挥重要作用。NLR可被沙门菌鞭毛、分泌蛋白、LPS等多种毒力因子激活,组装炎性小体促进细胞分泌多种细胞因子抵御感染。而沙门菌也进化出多种机制如修饰鞭毛、细胞内形成带菌囊泡(Salmonella-containing vacuole,SCV)和分泌蛋白等阻止受体识别从而实现免疫逃逸,在宿主体内长期存活。现总结了近年来沙门菌激活NLR,以及沙门菌躲避NLR识别的相关研究进展,为进一步了解宿主应对沙门菌的天然免疫应答及疫苗开发提供思路。

As an important foodborne pathogen,Salmonella can widely infect animals and humans and seriously threaten host health.When Salmonella invaded,it first binds to PRRs(pattern recognition receptors)such as host natural phagocytes and activated innate immune responses.NLR(NOD-like receptor)as a cytoplasmic PRR,plays an important role in pathogen infection and tumor immunity.NLRs can be activated by various virulence factors such as Salmonella flagella,secreted proteins,and LPS,and assembling inflammasomes promotes cells to secrete a variety of cytokines to protect against infection.Salmonella had also evolved a variety of mechanisms such as modifying flagella,intracellular formation of carrier vesicles(Salmonella-containing vacuole,SCV)and secreted proteins to prevent receptor recognition so as to achieve immune escape and long-term survival in the host.In this paper,the related research progress of Salmonella activating NOD-like receptor and Salmonella evading NOD-like receptor recognition in recent years is summarized,which provides ideas for further understanding the host innate immune response to Salmonella and vaccine development.