康熙时期法国皇家科学人员在清宫的教学与研究

The French Royal Scientists Teaching and Researching in Kangxi Court of the Qing Dynasty

17世纪下半叶,为扩展在印度洋地区的海外贸易和传播天主教,在王室支持下,巴黎皇家科学院向中国派遣了由六位耶稣会神父组成的代表团,其目的是集外交、商贸、政治、宗教和科学为一体。本文论述了留在清宫的法国耶稣会成员如何向康熙皇帝传授天文学、数学、医学和哲学等知识,即大量运用巴黎皇家科学院成员的科学成果,尝试在清宫建立一套以“法式科学”为蓝本的科学体系,以及上述知识如何被康熙皇帝接纳乃至在全国推广。西方科学知识融入中国知识体系的这一现象,表现了17-18世纪清代宫廷对新鲜知识和新奇物品的接纳和融汇。论文以大量的法国档案和文献为依据,从法国视角探讨了17-18世纪中法科学交流。

Supported and commissioned royally,the French Royal Academy of Sciences sent a delegation of six Jesuit priests to China with the ambition expanding overseas trade and spreading Catholicism over the Indian Ocean region in the 2^(nd)half of the 17^(th)century,which involved diplomacy,commerce and trade,politics,religion and science.This thesis makes a review of the French Jesuits who stayed in the imperial Qing Court trying to teach Emperor Kangxi(康熙)astronomy,mathematics,medicine and philosophy using the extensive scientific results achieved by the members of the French Royal Academy of Sciences with the intention of establishing a set of‘French-science-mode-based’scientific system in the Qing Court,which would work in the promotion of the subjects nationwide.Western scientific knowledge introduced into the knowledge system of China represents the Qing court of the 17^(th)-18^(th)century positively took in new knowledge and novelties.Sino-French communication in science in the 17^(th)century is viewed from French archives and documented materials in the thesis.