《雍正帝祭先农坛图》系列图卷考释与典礼空间述要

The‘Emperor Yongzheng's Sacrifice to the Altar of Agriculture’Serial Scroll with the Spatial Ceremonies Reviewed

《雍正帝祭先农坛图》系列图卷是雍正朝少有的纪实性绘画长卷,记录了雍正帝亲祭先农和行耕耤礼的场景。已发表的研究论文通常认为该图共两卷存世,但在法国巴黎布朗利河岸博物馆(Musée du Quai Branly)尚保存着第三卷《观耕图》。该卷描绘了雍正帝亲耕完毕后于观耕台上观看王公大臣耕耤的场景。本文搜检史料文献,对这套图卷的流转历程、绘制背景和内容进行考辨,尝试结合图卷与礼仪文本,还原雍正帝在祭祀礼仪中对先农坛空间的使用方式,探讨先农坛的礼制空间意义。

The long-scroll series of‘Emperor Yongzheng's Sacrifice to the Altar of Agriculture’(Yōng Zhèng DìJìXiān Nóng Tán Túin Chinese pinyin)is a rare documentary of Emperor Yongzheng(雍正)period,which shows the ceremonial occasions where Emperor Yongzheng was offering sacrifices to ancestral gods of agriculture and doing field-plough himself.It is commonly thought in the publications that only two of the long-scroll series survive,yet,there is a third on‘Observing the Plowing’(Guān Gēng Túin Chinese pinyin)collected by the Musée du Quai Branly in Paris,France,which depicts Emperor Yongzheng is seated on the platform watching the princes and ministers plowing fields after his example.The thesis examines the serial long-scroll regarding the process of circulation,context of creation and the content.Meanwhile,it revives the on-the-spot scene of Emperor Yongzheng presiding over the ceremonial sacrifice by the illustrations and scripts for the understanding of the ritual space implication of the Ancient Altar of Agriculture.