摘要
Aerosol ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),mainly produced from the reactions of ammonia(NH_(3))with acids in the atmosphere,has significant impacts on air pollution,radiative forcing,and human health.Understanding the source and formation mechanism of NH_(4)^(+)can provide scientific insights into air quality improvements.However,the sources of NH_(3)in urban areas are not well understood,and few studies focus on NH_(3)/NH_(4)^(+)at different heights within the atmospheric boundary layer,which hinders a comprehensive understanding of aerosol NH_(4)^(+).In this study,we perform both field observation and modeling studies(the Community Multiscale Air Quality,CMAQ)to investigate regional NH_(3)emission sources and vertically resolved NH_(4)^(+)formation mechanisms during the winter in Beijing.Both stable nitrogen isotope analyses and CMAQ model suggest that combustion-related NH_(3)emissions,including fossil fuel sources,NH_(3)slip,and biomass burning,are important sources of aerosol NH_(4)^(+)with more than 60%contribution occurring on heavily polluted days.In contrast,volatilization-related NH_(3)sources(livestock breeding,N-fertilizer application,and human waste)are dominant on clean days.Combustion-related NH_(3)is mostly local from Beijing,and biomass burning is likely an important NH_(3)source(~15%–20%)that was previously overlooked.More effective control strategies such as the two-product(e.g.,reducing both SO_(2)and NH_(3))control policy should be considered to improve air quality.
作者
吴礼彬
王芃
张强
任红
Zongbo Shi
胡伟
陈静
谢巧蓉
李林杰
越思瑶
韦莲芳
宋琳琳
张永根
王子涵
陈爽
韦琬
王小曼
章炎麟
孔少飞
葛宝珠
杨婷
方运霆
任露洁
邓君俊
孙业乐
王自发
张宏亮
胡建林
刘丛强
Roy M.Harrison
Qi Ying
傅平青
Libin Wu;Peng Wang;Qiang Zhang;Hong Ren;Zongbo Shi;Wei Hu;Jing Chen;Qiaorong Xie;Linjie Li;Siyao Yue;Lianfang Wei;Linlin Song;Yonggen Zhang;Zihan Wang;Shuang Chen;Wan Wei;Xiaoman Wang;Yanlin Zhang;Shaofei Kong;Baozhu Ge;Ting Yang;Yunting Fang;Lujie Ren;Junjun Deng;Yele Sun;Zifa Wang;Hongliang Zhang;Jianlin Hu;Cong-Qiang Liu;Roy M.Harrison;Qi Ying;Pingqing Fu(Institute of Surface-Earth System Science,School of Earth System Science,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China;IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China;Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling,Department of Earth System Science,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Air Environmental Modeling and Pollution Controlling Key Laboratory of Sichuan Higher Education Institute,Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu 610225,China;Division of Environmental Health&Risk Management,School of Geography,Earth&Environmental Sciences,University of Birmingham,Birmingham B152TT,UK;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management,Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110164,China;Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment,International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Department of Atmospheric Sciences,School of Environmental Studies and Department of Environmental Science and Technology,School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Department of Environmental Sciences/Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies,King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah 21589,Saudi Arabia;Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Texas A&M University,College Station TX 77843-3136,USA)
基金
supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42130513,41905110,and 41961130384)
the Royal Society Newton Advanced Fellowship,United Kingdom(NAFR1191220)
the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(T24/504/17 and A-Poly U502/16)。
