地佐辛联合罗哌卡因用于胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者中镇痛效果的临床研究

Analgesic effect of dezocine combined with ropivacaine on patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer

目的 观察不同剂量地佐辛联合罗哌卡因的胸椎旁神经阻滞(TPVB)用于胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者的镇痛效果,及其对患者血流动力学和免疫功能的影响。方法 将接受胸腔镜肺癌根治术的肺癌患者按随机数字表法分为低剂量组和高剂量组。2组患者均给予全凭静脉麻醉完成手术,其中全麻诱导前15 min,低剂量组给予0.1 mg·kg^(-1)地佐辛+0.375%罗哌卡因共20 mL进行TPBV,高剂量组给予0.15 mg·kg^(-1)+0.375%罗哌卡因共20 mL进行TPBV。比较2组患者的镇痛效果、血流动力学参数、免疫功能以及药物不良反应发生情况。结果 低剂量组48例和高剂量组46例。低剂量组TPVB前、切皮前、切片后5 min、术毕时的心率分别为(78.52±6.54)、(70.79±7.07)、(74.48±6.68)和(76.69±7.29)beat·min^(-1),平均动脉压分别为(93.16±5.72)、(86.38±7.51)、(92.15±6.36)和(91.14±6.13)mmHg,高剂量组TPVB前、切皮前、切片后5 min、术毕时的心率分别为(79.36±7.11)、(71.68±6.49)、(74.76±7.06)和(76.57±6.52)beat·min^(-1),平均动脉压分别为(93.89±7.18)、(85.27±7.41)、(90.34±6.52)和(92.43±6.34)mmHg,组间比较在统计学上差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。低剂量组术后2、6、12 h各时间点的静息状态评分分别为(1.38±0.19)、(1.54±0.21)和(1.72±0.16)分,运动状态疼痛评分分别为(1.88±0.15)、(2.36±0.37)和(3.26±0.38)分,高剂量组术后2、6、12 h各时间点的静息状态评分分别为(1.32±0.17)、(1.58±0.22)和(1.81±0.18)分,运动状态疼痛评分分别为(1.81±0.13)、(2.11±0.31)和(3.03±0.36)分,组间比较在统计学上差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。低剂量组术后24 h镇痛泵按压次数为(5.12±1.26)次、镇痛补救15例,高剂量组术后4 h镇痛泵按压次数为(4.74±1.03)次、镇痛补救10例,组间比较在统计学上差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。低剂量组术毕时、术后12 h、术后24 h的CD3^(+)细胞百分比分别为(68.51±6.76)%、(54.22±5.43)%和(51.47±6.58)%,CD4^(+)细胞百分比分别为(40.29±5.02)%、(34.94±4.79)%和(30.48±5.11)%,CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)分别为1.54±0.34、1.36±0.28和1.16±0.23,高剂量组术毕时、术后12 h、术后24 h的CD3^(+)细胞百分比分别为(67.92±7.11)%、(56.58±6.36)%和(54.47±6.89)%,CD4^(+)细胞百分比分别为(41.33±5.75)%、(35.86±5.21)%和(32.27±4.78)%,CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)为1.53±0.35、1.40±0.30和1.22±0.26,组间比较在统计学上差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。高剂量组和低剂量组的药物不良反应发生率分别为32.61%和14.58%,在统计学上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 胸腔镜肺癌根治术中应用地佐辛联合罗哌卡因的TPVB方案,低剂量镇痛效果与高剂量相当,且药物不良反应发生率更低。

Objective To explore the analgesic effect of different doses of dezocine combined with ropivacaine for thoracic paravertebral block(TPVB)on patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer and the influence on hemodynamics and immune function of patients.Methods Patients with lung cancer who underwent thoracoscopic radical resection were divided into low-dose group and high-dose group according to random number table method.Both groups of patients were given total intravenous anesthesia to complete the surgery.At 15 min before general anesthesia induction,the low-dose group was given TPBV with 0.1 mg·kg^(-1)dezocine+0.375%ropivacaine for a total of 20 mL,and the high-dose group was given TPBV with 0.15 mg·kg^(-1)dezocine+0.375%ropivacaine for a total of 20 mL.Comparisons were performed on both groups in terms of analgesic effect,hemodynamic parameters,immune function and occurrence of adverse drug reactions.Results There were 48 cases in low-dose group and 46 cases in high-dose group.In low-dose group,the heart rate values before TPVB,before skin incision,at 5 min after sectioning and at the end of surgery were(78.52±6.54),(70.79±7.07),(74.48±6.68)and(76.69±7.29)beat·min^(-1),the mean arterial pressure values were(93.16±5.72),(86.38±7.51),(92.15±6.36)and(91.14±6.13)mmHg.In high-dose group,the heart rate values at the above time points were(79.36±7.11),(71.68±6.49),(74.76±7.06)and(76.57±6.52)beat·min^(-1);the mean arterial pressure values were(93.89±7.18),(85.27±7.41),(90.34±6.52)and(92.43±6.34)mmHg,there were no statistical differences between the two groups(all P>0.05).The resting state scores at 2,6 and 12 h after surgery were(1.38±0.19),(1.54±0.21)and(1.72±0.16)points,the pain scores at motion state were(1.88±0.15),(2.36±0.37)and(3.26±0.38)points in low-dose group;in high-dose group,the resting state scores were(1.32±0.17),(1.58±0.22)and(1.81±0.18)points,the pain scores at motion state were(1.81±0.13),(2.11±0.31)and(3.03±0.36)points,respectively,there were no statistical differences between the two groups(all P>0.05).The number of analgesic pump compressions at 24 h after surgery and the number of cases with analgesic remedy were(5.12±1.26)times and 15 cases in low-dose group and were(4.74±1.03)times and 10 cases in high-dose group,with no statistical differences between the groups(all P>0.05).The percentages of CD3^(+)cells in low-dose group at the end of surgery and at 12 h and 24 h after surgery were(68.51±6.76)%,(54.22±5.43)%and(51.47±6.58)%,the percentages of CD4^(+)cells were(40.29±5.02)%,(34.94±4.79)%and(30.48±5.11)%,CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)ratios were 1.54±0.34,1.36±0.28 and 1.16±0.23;the percentages of CD3^(+)cells in high-dose group were(67.92±7.11)%,(56.58±6.36)%and(54.47±6.89)%,percentages of CD4^(+)cells were(41.33±5.75)%,(35.86±5.21)%and(32.27±4.78)%,the CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)were 1.53±0.35,1.40±0.30 and 1.22±0.26,all with no significant difference(all P>0.05).The incidence of postoperative adverse drug reactions in high-dose group and low-dose group were 32.61%and 14.58%,with significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion When TPVB regimen of dezocine combined with ropivacaine is used in thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer,the analgesic effect of low-dose dezocine is comparable to that of high-dose dezocine,with lower risk of adverse drug reactions.