组蛋白翻译后修饰在减数分裂中作用机制的研究进展

Research Progress on the Mechanism of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in Meiosis

减数分裂是有性生殖生物产生单倍体配子和遗传多样性的基础。在这一过程中,DNA复制一次,细胞连续分裂两次,形成四个染色体数目为母细胞一半的配子。在减数分裂前期,同源染色体依次进行配对、联会、重组和分离,亲本的染色体被正确分配到配子中,实现遗传物质在生物世代间的稳定传递。组蛋白翻译后修饰是重要的表观遗传调控机制之一,包括组蛋白甲基化(methylation,me)、酰基化(acylation,ac)、磷酸化(phosphorylation,ph)、泛素化(ubiquitination,ub)等。组蛋白修饰的建立、识别、擦除以及不同组蛋白修饰间的交叉会话揭示了一种“组蛋白密码”,参与了DNA复制、损伤修复、基因表达和染色质构象改变,在减数分裂多个阶段发挥重要作用。该文综述了近年来对组蛋白翻译后修饰参与减数分裂重要生物学事件的研究进展,并为后续研究内容和方向提供了新的见解。

Meiosis is the basis for the production of haploid gametes and genetic diversity in sexual reproductive organisms.During this process,DNA replicates once and the cell divides continuously twice,forming four gametes with half of the mother cell’s chromosomes.In the early stage of meiosis,homologous chromosomes undergo pairing,synapsis,recombination,and separation in sequence,and the parental chromosomes are correctly assigned to gametes,achieving stable transmission of genetic material between biological generations.Post-translational modification of histones is one of the important epigenetic mechanisms,including histone methylation(me),acylation(ac),phosphorylation(ph),ubiquitination(ub),and so on.The establishment,recognition,erasure,and cross talk between different histone modifications reveal a“histone code”that participates in DNA replication,damage repair,gene expression,and chromatin conformational changes,playing important roles in multiple stages of meiosis.This article reviews the recent research progress on the involvement of histone post-translational modifications in important biological events related to meiosis,and provides new insights for subsequent research contents and directions.