RNA表观修饰在卵子发生调控中的研究进展

Research Progress of RNA Epigenetic Modifications in Regulation of Oogenesis

卵子发生是生殖发育中的重要过程,涉及卵母细胞的发育和成熟,对雌性生殖健康和种群遗传多样性具有重要影响。卵子发生涉及复杂而精准的基因调控过程。核糖核酸(ribonucleic acid,RNA)修饰是在RNA分子中添加化学修饰基团的过程,通过该修饰能够调控RNA的功能和稳定性,RNA修饰在生殖及发育生物学中起着关键的作用。该综述将对近期关于RNA修饰与卵子发生的研究进展进行综述和展望,重点阐述RNA修饰调节信使核糖核酸(messenger RNA,mRNA)转录翻译过程、染色质开放水平、组蛋白修饰以及可变剪切等的机制,及其对卵子发生及胚胎发育过程的影响,以完善RNA表观修饰调控生殖发育的理论研究。

Oogenesis is a pivotal process in reproductive development,involving the development and maturation of oocytes,which significantly impacts female reproductive health and population genetic diversity.Oogenesis entails intricate and precise genetic regulatory mechanisms.RNA(ribonucleic acid)modifications refer to the process of adding chemical groups to RNA molecules,thereby regulating RNA functionality and stability,playing a critical role in reproductive and developmental biology.This review provides an overview and prospects of recent research progress concerning RNA modifications and oogenesis.It primarily elucidates RNA modification regulation of mRNA(messenger RNA)transcription and translation processes,chromatin accessibility,histone modifications,alternative splicing mechanisms,as well as the effects of RNA modifications on oogenesis and embryonic development.This review aims to enhance theoretical research on the regulation of reproductive development through comprehensive RNA epigenetic modifications.