观者转向与剧场性的生成:威尔玛·索特的戏剧事件论

Audience's Turn and Becoming of Theatricality:On Willmar Sauter's Theatrical Events

瑞典当代戏剧学者威尔玛·索特在学界首次提出,戏剧是一场观演双方的互动交际事件。这一全新的戏剧观念聚焦观演者,强调观者对表演的反馈及其对剧场性生成的促发作用,剧场性因而成为戏剧事件的核心内涵。在表演者动作的刺激下,观演者在情感和认知系统作出回应并分别表现于感官、艺术和象征交流层面;双方交互往复形成剧场内部交流循环,共同参与演出呈现,构成剧场性生成的内在机制。剧场所在社会场域如惯例、观念等背景塑造观演双方,决定交流层次被激活的方式,这构成剧场性的外部生成。索特的戏剧事件论宣告戏剧学研究的观者转向,主动扩容戏剧的内涵与外延,是对戏剧艺术合法性的捍卫和巩固,进而呼唤学界去展开数字媒介时代的剧场生态审美和阐释。

Contemporary Swedish theatre scholar Wilma Sauter pioneered the academic concept of theatre as an interactive communicative event between audience and performers.This novel perspective prioritizes the audience,emphasizing the audience's reactions on the performance and how their reactions contribute to the formation of theatricality,essentially becoming the core connotation of the theatrical events.Stimulated by the performer's actions,the audience respond on both emotional and cognitive levels,expressing themselves through sensory,artistic,and symbolic communication.This interaction forms an internal communication cycle within the theatre,with both audience and performers actively participating in presenting the performance,thus constituting the intrinsic mechanism for the creation of theatricality.Additionally,the social field surrounding the theatre,including its conventional and conceptual contexts,shapes both the audience and performers,influencing how communication is activated.This constitutes the external becoming of theatricality.Sauter's theory represents an“audience's turn”in dramaturgical research,actively expanding the connotation and denotation of theatre.By highlighting the audience's role,Sauter strengthens the legitimacy of theatre arts and calls for an exploratory aesthetic space to interpret the theatrical ecology in the age of digital media.