国际贸易中的租金转移:理论逻辑与经验证据

Rent Transfer in International Trade:Theoretical Logic and Empirical Evidence

本文在租金范畴的基础上,提出了分析国际价值转移的理论框架和测量方法,并利用世界投入产出数据库做了经验研究。理论分析表明,国际垄断资本通过生产部门的不平等交换获取级差租金和垄断租金性质的价值转移,通过非生产部门的掠夺性积累获取制度—垄断租金性质的价值转移,国际贸易中的租金获取成为新帝国主义的一个重要特征。实证研究结果显示,中国和印度等发展中国家持续输出租金,美国、德国等发达资本主义国家持续输入租金,中国是世界上最大的租金输出国和发达资本主义国家获取租金转移的主要来源国,全球租金转移总量有1/4左右来自于中国的租金输出;随着劳动生产率提高和人民币升值,中国的租金输出量从2006年开始不断减少;中国在全球价值链中的地位有所提高,但是高端制造业的技术实力和市场占有率仍然明显落后于发达资本主义国家。

On the basis of the rent category,this article proposes a theoretical framework and measurement methods for analyzing international value transfer,and conducts an empirical research using the World Input-output Database.Theoretical analysis shows that international monopolistic capital obtains value transfer of differential rent and monopolistic rent through unequal exchange in the production sector,and obtains value transfer of institution-monopoly rent through predatory accumulation in nonproduction sectors.Rent acquisition in international trade has become an important feature of New Imperialism.The empirical results show that developing countries such as China and India continue exporting rent,while developed capitalist countries such as the United States and Germany continue importing rent.China is the world's largest rent exporting country and the main source of rent transfer for developed capitalist countries.About 1/4 of the total global rent transfer comes from China's rent export;with the improvement of labor productivity and the appreciation of RMB,China's rent export has been decreasing since 2006;China's position in the global value chain has improved,but the technological strength and market share of high-end manufacturing are still significantly lagging behind developed capitalist countries.