数据信托的理论证成与制度展开

Theoretical Proof and Institutional Develolopment of Data Trust

数据信托在数据来源主体保护、数据流通效率提升以及数据监管体系完善上均具有独特的优势。信托虽然来源于英美法系,但其对所有权概念的灵活诠释为在财产法上解释数据提供了新的可能,进而为数据产权的分置提供了理论上的支持。同时,信托中的信义义务也与个人数据流通中的人格利益保障之间存在价值上的一致性。在具体的模式规划上,数据信托应当以数据受托人作为中心,代表数据来源主体开展数据的授权、管理以及交易等活动。它本质上仍是一项信托活动,对其法律关系的解读应当以《信托法》为起点,并综合其他相关的法律规范展开:首先,在数据受托主体的挑选上,数据交易所应为最佳选择;其次,进入数据信托的数据可参照有关分级标准进行筛选,并以信托登记实现确权;再次,受托人的信义义务范围应以数据上的人格利益为原则,以经济利益为例外;最后,受托人的责任应当结合不同情形分别进行认定。

Data trusts have unique advantages in protecting data source entities,improving data circulation efficiency,and improving data regulatory systems.Although trust is a system originating from the Anglo-American legal system,its flexible interpretation of the concept of ownership provides new possibilities for exploring the interpretation of data in property law,thereby providing theoretical support for the separation of data property rights.There is also a value consistency between the fiduciary duty in trust and the protection of personal interests in the circulation of personal data.In specific mode planning,the data trustee should serve as the center,representing the data source entity to carry out data authorization,management,and trading activities.Data trust is essentially still a trust activity,and the interpretation of its legal relationship should start from the Trust Law and integrate other relevant legal norms:firstly,in the choice of data trustee subjects,data exchanges should be the best choice;secondly,the data screening for entering data trusts can refer to relevant grading standards and be confirmed through trust registration;once again,the scope of the fiduciary duty of the trustee should be based on the principle of personal interests in the data,with economic interests as exceptions;finally,the responsibility of the trustee should be determined separately based on different circumstances.