两级升运链锥轴自卸式残膜捡拾机设计及试验

Design and experiments of a two-stage lift chain tapered shaft self-unloading residual film picker

废膜残留于土壤会直接影响种子的出苗率和养分的吸收利用,同时会造成极大的白色污染。农田残膜的捡拾回收问题一直是困扰农技和农机人员的“顽疾”,传统滚筒式、鼠笼式、钉耙式等残膜捡拾回收机捡拾效果不理想、捡拾效率较低。为解决黄土高原全膜双垄沟播种模式下传统捡拾方法残膜拾净率低的问题,设计一种两级升运链锥轴自卸式残膜捡拾机。使用设计的起膜铲实现板结覆土下残膜的完整收集,设计两级升运链机构实现土块的筛分清理,通过自卸机构实现膜杂箱的快速释放,有效降低人工作业强度。结果表明,该残膜捡拾机具有优异的作业性能,更适用于黄土高原的全膜双垄沟的播种模式。两级升运链锥轴自卸式残膜捡拾机在各种播种模式下的残膜拾净率均稳定在95%左右。

The residue of waste film in the soil directly affects the emergence rate of seeds and the absorption and utilization of nutrients,while also causes great white pollution.The problem of picking up and recycling agricultural residual film has always been a persistent problem that troubles agricultural technicians and machinery personnel.The traditional drum,squirrel cage,and rake type residue film picking and recycling machines have unsatisfactory picking effects and low picking efficiency.In order to solve the problem of low residual film collection rate in traditional picking methods under the full film double ridge and ditch planting mode on the Loess Plateau,a two-stage lifting chain cone axis self-unloading residual film pickup machine is designed.The designed film scraper is used to achieve complete collection of residual film under the compacted soil,and a two-stage lifting chain mechanism is designed to screen and clean the soil blocks.The self-unloading mechanism is used to quickly release the film debris box,effectively reduce the intensity of manual work.The results indicate that the residual film pickup machine has excellent operational performance and is more suitable for the full film double ridge planting mode in the Loess Plateau.The two-stage lifting chain cone axis self-unloading residual film pickup machine has a stable residual film pickup rate of around 95%under various sowing modes.