某型航空发动机空气涡轮起动机起动故障研究

Research on Starting Fault of Air Turbine Starter In A Certain Type of Aeroengine

为了保障地面试车效率及飞机飞行的安全,对起动过程的故障模式、故障部位及故障原因作出及时准确的判断,预防起动过程潜在故障的发生,通过分析起动原理,研究了起动过程中5种常见起动故障。对航空发动机地面台架试验过程中起动失败故障进行分析,通过绘制故障树,得到起动过程异常带转故障模式为起动机出口堵塞;快速定位故障原因为:在湿度大的低温天,起动机短时间内连续起动,等熵膨胀过程起动机涡轮叶片及起动机出口壁面结冰,造成涡轮出口面积减小,排气不畅引起出口堵塞,涡轮输出功率减小,起动失败,保障了地面试验安全;并根据该起故障对地面试验供气系统提出增加干燥机的改进措施和试验前、后起动机检查要求,经过地面持久试验和考核试验验证方法有效,起动机结冰故障得到有效控制。该起故障研究和排故改进措施可供地面台架试验参考。

In order to ensure the efficiency of ground testing and the safety of aircraft flight,timely and accurate judgments were made on the fault mode,fault location,and fault cause during the starting process,in order to prevent the occurrence of potential faults during the starting process.By analyzing the starting principle,five common faults during the starting process were studied.Through the analysis of an aero-engine starting failure fault in the ground bench test,the fault tree analysis is drawn,and the fault mode of abnormal belt rotation in the starting process is that the starter outlet is blocked;The reason for the rapid positioning of the fault is that on low temperature days with high humidity,the starter starts continuously for a short period of time.During the isentropic expansion process,the starter turbine blades and the outlet wall of the starter freeze,resulting in a reduction in the turbine outlet area,blocked exhaust,reduced turbine output power,and failed startup,ensuring the safety of ground tests;Based on the fault,improvement measures for adding dryers to the ground test gas supply system and requirements for pre and post test starter inspection were proposed.After ground endurance testing and assessment testing,the method was verified to be effective and the starter icing fault was effectively controlled.The research and improvement measures for this fault can provide reference for ground bench tests.