皖西大别山区近20年农作物生产结构变化特征及影响因素分析

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Crop Production Structure Change in Dabie Mountains of West Anhui in Recent 20 Years

以皖西大别山主要农业区六安市为研究区,通过安徽省统计年鉴收集并整理了近20年(2000—2021年)农业生产数据,明确主要农作物类型,分析了耕地面积、种植面积和产量在近20年的变化特征和影响因素。结果显示:(1)近20年粮食作物生产总体变化平缓,仍以稻谷和小麦为主,二者此消彼长。而玉米产量增长较快,逐渐居于第三位次;(2)经济作物生产尽管以蔬菜和油料为主,但随着油料作物产量和种植面积的持续下降,逐渐形成了“蔬菜主导、药材和茶叶地位不断提升”的格局;(3)区域农作物生产结构逐渐从以“粮食作物生产”为主转向“经济作物与粮食作物并重”的发展方向;(4)皖西大别山区近20年农作物结构变化主要受气温变化、受灾面积、机械化水平、政策和人口因素影响。研究结果可为区域农业生态高效发展及相关政策的制定提供一定的理论依据。

Taking Lu'an City,a major agricultural area in Dabie Mountains of West Anhui Province,as the research object,the paper collected and sorted out the data of agricultural production structure of Lu'an City from 2000 to 2021 from the statistical yearbook of Anhui Province,identified the main crop types,analyzed the change characteristics of cultivated land area,planting area and crop yield and investigated their potential influencing factors(including nature,economy,society and population).The results showed that:(1)in recent 20 years,the grain crop production has changed gently,still dominated by rice and wheat,while corn yield has increased rapidly,gradually ranking third;(2)although the production of cash crops was mainly vegetable and oil crops,with the continuous decline in the output and planting area of oil crops,the pattern of“vegetable dominance,medicinal materials and tea constantly improving”has gradually taken shape;(3)the structure of regional crop production has gradually changed from“grain crop production”to“paying equal attention to both cash crops and grain crops”;(4)the changes of crop production structure in Dabie Mountains area in West Anhui in recent 20 years were mainly influenced by temperature change,drought and flood disaster area,agricultural mechanization level,policy and population factors.The results can provide some theoretical basis for the eco-efficient development of regional agriculture and the formulation of relevant policies in this area.