2013—2023年铜鼓雨雪天气回波特征分析

Analysis of echo characteristics of rain and snow weather in Tonggu from 2013 to 2023

为了研究铜鼓县冬季雨雪天气背景和雷达回波特征,文章使用铜鼓地面资料、天气图和雷达回波等资料,对铜鼓雨雪天气过程进行分析。结果表明:1957—2023年,铜鼓国家基本气象站观测到雪深≥0.1 cm的频次有62次,≥1.0 cm的有18次,其中2022-02-22T20:00/2022-02-23T08:00降雪深度最大,为24 cm;铜鼓降雪天气系统有500 hPa槽前,200 hPa出流区,700 hPa或850 hPa有切变线,850 hPa有西南急流和东风气流;铜鼓雨雪天气雷达拼图典型特征是回波强度最大为35 dBZ,一般在25 dBZ左右;回波结构均匀,呈东北—西南走向条带状结构;铜鼓降雪的回波顶高都在3 km~5 km,回波强度在15~30 dBZ。研究结果为铜鼓雨雪天气的预报预警提供了分析依据。

In order to study the background of rain and snow weather in winter and the characteristics of radar echo in Tonggu,the Tonggu ground data,the weather map and radar echo data were used to analyze the process of rain and snow weather in Tonggu.The results indicate that:from 1957 to 2023,the Tonggu National Basic Meteorological Station observed the frequency of snow depth≥0.1 cm was 62 times,the frequency of snow depth≥1.0 cm was 18 times.The maximum snow depth was 24 cm from 20:00 on February 22nd to 08:00 on February 23rd,2022.Tonggu snowfall weather system has a 500 hPa trough front,a 200 hPa outflow area,a shear line at 700 hPa or 850 hPa,a southwest jet and easterly airflow at 850 hPa;the typical feature of rain and snow radar puzzle in Tonggu is that the echo intensity is up to 35 dBZ,generally around 25 dBZ;the echo structure is uniform,and it is banded in the direction of northeast and southwest.The echo peak height of snowfall in Tonggu is below 3 km—5 km,and the echo intensity is 15—30 dBZ.These research results provide an analytical basis for the prediction and warning of rain and snow weather in Tonggu.