淄博市中小学生近视现状及影响因素

Analysis of myopia prevalence and influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in Zibo City

目的调查淄博市儿童青少年的近视现状,并分析年龄、性别以及学校、城乡分布等因素对近视的影响。方法采用横断面研究设计,利用2022年山东省中小学生健康体检数据,共有来自淄博市张店区、高青县和沂源县6~18岁的60899例中小学生接受视力检查和非睫状体麻痹验光。按照目前医疗标准,近视度数小于300度归为低度近视,300~600度归为中度近视,大于600度归为高度近视。研究采用χ^(2)检验分析分类变量之间的差异,采用二元logistic回归方法分析近视的相关影响因素。结果近视、高度近视、视力不良的患病率分别为66.31%、4.63%和41.05%,并且随着年级与年龄的增长而上升,特别是高中阶段,近视率超过了90%,而远视的患病率则呈现相反趋势。多因素logistic回归分析结果表明,高年龄、高年级、女生和城市就读是近视的危险因素。结论淄博市中小学生近视、高度近视和视力不良患病率均处于较高水平,尤其在高中阶段更为严重。近视已成为目前亟待解决的社会问题,需开展有针对性的综合防控措施。

Objective:To investigate the current status of myopia among children and adolescents in Zibo City and to analyze the influencing factors of myopia in terms of age,gender,and school distribution between urban and rural areas.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted,involving 60899 primary and secondary school students aged 6-18 years from Zhangdian District,Gaoqing County,and Yiyuan County in Zibo City,which all underwent visual acuity examinations and non-cycloplegic refraction assessments.According to current medical standards,myopia below 300 degrees is classified as low myopia,myopia between 300-600 degrees is classified as moderate myopia,and myopia above 600 degrees is classified as high myopia.This study usedχ^(2) tests to analyze the differences among categorical variables.The binary logistic regression method was used to analyze the relevant influencing factors of myopia,and P<0.05 was used to indicate that the differences which were statistically significant.Results:The prevalence rates of myopia,high myopia,and poor vision were found to be 66.31%,4.63%,and 41.05%respectively,which was increased with higher grade and age.The prevalence of myopia in high school students was above 90%,while the prevalence of hyperopia has shown an inverse relationship.Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that elder age,higher grade,girl students,and urban schooling were risk factors for myopia.Conclusion:The rates of myopia,high myopia,and poor sight among students in Zibo City are relatively high,particularly during the senior middle school.Myopia has become an urgent social problem that calls for targeted,comprehensive prevention and control measures.