肿瘤患者生育力保存中的伦理问题研究进展

Research progress on ethical issues in the process of fertility preservation in tumor patients

生育力保存技术为恶性肿瘤患者提供了有效的生育资源保护方法,同时在技术实施过程中不可避免会面临伦理困境。从伦理学角度出发对国外肿瘤患者生育力保存的研究进行梳理,对肿瘤患者生育力保护的沟通决策阶段和实施阶段所面临的伦理问题进行辨析,具体包括肿瘤患者的生育信息和保存选择的告知与讨论、青少年肿瘤患者的生育决策、肿瘤患者生育的心理支持、生殖材料所有权和使用权以及处置方式、社会卫生资源分配的公平性等伦理问题。结合实际情况进一步探讨如何在遵循有利不伤害、知情同意、谨慎应用以及伦理监管等各项伦理原则的基础上提出相应对策,以期促进生育力保存技术在临床上进一步开展和应用。

Fertility preservation technology provides an effective method for protecting the reproductive resources of patients with malignant tumors.At the same time,it is inevitable to face great ethical dilemmas in the process of technological implementation.From an ethical perspective,this paper sorted out the research on fertility preservation in tumor patients abroad,as well as analyzed the ethical issues faced by tumor patients in the communication decision-making and implementation stages of fertility protection.Specifically,these included informing and discussing the reproductive information and preservation choices of tumor patients,fertility decision-making of adolescent tumor patients,psychological support for fertility in tumor patients,ownership and use rights of reproductive materials and their disposal methods,fairness in the allocation of social health resources and other ethical issues.Combining with the actual situation in China,this paper further discussed how to put forward corresponding countermeasures based on following ethical principles such as favorable without harm,informed consent,cautious application,and ethical supervision,with a view to promoting the further development and application of fertility preservation technology in clinical practice.