烟曲霉相关C型凝集素受体研究进展

Research Progress on Aspergillus fumigatus Associated C-type Lectin Receptor

烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus,A.fumigatus)是最普遍的空气传播真菌病原体,可导致免疫功能低下患者发生致命的侵袭性曲霉病。对病原体与宿主免疫系统的相互作用过程的了解是理解其致病性的关键。通过保守的跨膜或可溶性的模式识别受体(pattern recognition receptor,PRRs)识别病原体表面上的保守分子结构,称为病原体相关分子模式(pathogen associated molecular patterns,PAMPs)。C型凝集素受体(C-type lectin receptors,CLRs)是PRRs中主要受体家族之一,CLRs可以通过C型凝集素样结构域(Ctype lectin-like domains,CTLDs)来识别β-葡聚糖、甘露糖、几丁质等真菌细胞壁成分,从而诱导固有免疫和获得性免疫来清除病原体。目前烟曲霉中所涉及的CLRs主要为Dectin-1、Dectin-2、MelLec、DC-SIGN等,这些CLRs在宿主细胞识别烟曲霉中起着至关重要的作用,并且针对Dectin-1及Dectin-2已开发出新型抗烟曲霉药物。因此为了进一步了解与烟曲霉相关的各类CLRs的作用机制及其相关信号通路,为开发新型抗真菌药物提供一种新思路,文章对与烟曲霉相关的CLRs最新研究进展进行了综述。

Aspergillus fumigatus(A.fumigatus)is the most prevalent airborne fungal pathogen and can cause fatal invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients.The interaction of the pathogen with the host immune system is a key process in understanding pathogenicity.Recognition of conserved molecular structures on the surface of pathogens by conserved transmembrane or soluble pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)is referred to as pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs).C-type lectin receptors(CLRs)are one of the major receptor families in PRRs,and CLRs can recognize fungal cell wall components such asβ-glucan,mannose,and chitin through Ctype lectin-like domains(CTLDs),thus inducing both innate and acquired immunity to clear pathogens.Currently,the main CLRs involved in A.fumigatus are Dectin-1,Dectin-2,MelLec,DC-SIGN,etc.These CLRs play a crucial role in host cell recognition of A.fumigatus,and novel anti-fumigatus drugs have been developed against Dectin-1 and Dectin-2.Therefore,further understanding of the effect of various CLRs associated with A.fumigatus and its mechanism and the related signaling pathways will provide us new perceptions for the development of novel antifungal drugs.In this case,this paper presents a review of the latest research progress of CLRs related to Aspergillus fumigatus.