废旧锂离子电池正极材料回收研究进展

Research Progress on Cathode Material Recycling of Waste Lithium-Ion Batteries

随着锂离子电池(lithium-ion batteries,LIBs)在电动汽车、3C电子产品和储能领域的大规模应用和产销量的日益剧增,其退役后带来的金属浪费和环境污染问题也日益突出。有必要大力开发绿色环保、高效低成本的废旧锂离子电池正极材料回收工艺,实现金属资源的周期性利用。回顾了废旧锂离子电池正极材料回收工艺的最新进展。概述了现有的回收工艺,详细介绍了预处理、火法冶金、湿法冶金、生物浸出和直接回收等回收工艺的研究现状。并通过对比分析现有技术存在的问题,综合讨论了各工艺的回收效率、安全性和经济价值。最后,展望了废旧锂离子电池正极材料回收再利用的前景和发展趋势,旨在为直接化、高值化、规模化的废旧锂电池回收再利用研究提供借鉴与参考。

With the increasing large-scale application and production as well as the sales of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)in electric vehicles,3C electronics and energy storage devices,the metal waste and environmental pollution caused by their retirement are also becoming increasingly prominent.It is necessary to vigorously develop a green,environmentally friendly,efficient and low-cost cathode material recycling process for waste lithium-ion batteries to realize the cycle utilization of non-ferrous metal resources.This paper reviews the latest progress in the material recycling process of cathode materials for the used lithium-ion batteries.The existing recovery processes are summarized.Moreover,the research status of recovery processes such as the pretreatment,pyrometallurgy,hydrometallurgy,biological leaching and direct recovery strategy are detailed illustrated.The problems and the advantages of these technology are compared and analyzed.Furthermore,the recovery efficiency,safety and economic value are comprehensively discussed.Finally,the prospect and development trend of the recycling and reuse of cathode materials of used lithium-ion batteries are outlooked,aiming at the direct,high-value and large-scale research on the recycling and reuse of used lithium batteries to provide lessons and references.