不同类型有机肥对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响

Effects of different types of organic fertilizers on rice yield and quality

以南粳46为供试水稻品种进行大田小区试验,设置不施氮肥、常规化肥及鸡粪、猪粪、羊粪有机肥等氮量替代50%化肥作基肥处理,共5个处理,探索其对水稻产量、稻米品质的影响。结果表明:与常规化肥处理相比,50%羊粪有机肥处理使水稻产量显著降低,但能够显著提高稻米整精米率和黏度,显著降低稻米垩白粒率、垩白度,并显著降低稻米硬度、消减值、回复值和峰值时间,使稻米品质明显提升。与常规化肥处理相比,不同类型有机肥替代化肥基施均可在整体上降低稻米蛋白质含量,增大稻米胶稠度。但是,不同有机肥处理对大部分稻米品质指标的提升效果未达到显著水平,说明将不同类型有机肥替代化肥作为基肥施用,能够不同程度地提高稻米品质,特别是50%羊粪有机肥处理对稻米品质的改善效果更为明显,但会使水稻产量降低。

In this study,a field plot experiment was conducted with Nanjing 46 as the test material.By setting no nitrogen fertilizer,conventional chemical fertilizer,and organic manure(chicken manure,pig manure and sheep manure)instead of 50%chemical fertilizer as the base fertilizer,a total of five treatments were used to explore their effects on rice yield and rice quality.The results showed that compared with conventional chemical fertilizer treatment,50%sheep manure organic fertilizer treatment significantly reduced rice yield,but significantly increased the head rice rate and viscosity of rice,significantly reduced the chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree of rice,and significantly reduced the rice’s hardness,impairment,recovery value,and peak time,so that the quality of rice was significantly improved.Compared with the conventional chemical fertilizer treatment,different types of organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizer basal application all reduced the protein content of rice and increased the gel consistency of rice.However,different organic fertilizer treatments did not significantly improve most of the rice quality indicators.In summary,applying different types of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer as base fertilizer could improve rice quality to different degrees,especially 50%sheep manure organic fertilizer treatment could improve rice quality more obviously,but the rice yield was reduced under this treatment.