覆盖对旱地玉米土壤温度及产量的影响

Mulching effects on soil temperature and maize yield in dryland

【目的】探究覆盖对旱地春玉米土壤温度和产量的影响。【方法】在陇中半干旱地区设置秸秆带状覆盖(SM)、白膜双垄沟覆盖(BM)及露地无覆盖(CK)3个栽培处理,分析不同覆盖措施对春玉米土壤温度、干物质积累及产量的影响。【结果】覆盖对春玉米全生育期土壤温度有明显的调控作用,与CK相比,SM处理降低了苗期~成熟期0~25 cm土壤温度0~1.1℃,而BM处理则增温0.2~3℃,并且SM和BM处理各生育时期的降幅和增幅均在苗期最大。各土层间,SM处理0~25 cm土层平均较CK降低0.6℃,以10 cm土层降幅最大;而BM平均增温0.6℃,以25 cm土层增幅最大。覆盖处理能显著增加春玉米单株干物质积累量和籽粒产量,与CK相比,SM和BM处理玉米单株干物质积累量分别增加32.4%和34.6%,籽粒产量分别提高13.4%和48.9%。相关分析发现,玉米籽粒产量与穗粒数显著正相关(r=0.771*),即覆盖主要通过影响穗粒数来提高玉米产量。【结论】地膜和秸秆带状覆盖均能调控春玉米全生育期土壤温度,并能显著增加干物质积累量和产量,而秸秆带状覆盖能提高废旧秸秆资源利用率,可作为旱地玉米绿色可持续生产的栽培技术。

【Objective】To investigate the impact of mulching on soil temperature and the yield of spring maize in dryland conditions.【Method】In the semi-arid region of central Longzhong,three cultivation treatments were implemented:straw strip mulching(SM),white film double ridge furrow mulching(BM),and open field no-mulching(CK).The effects of these different mulching practices on soil temperature,dry matter accumulation,and yield of spring maize were analyzed.【Result】Mulching significantly regulated soil temperature throughout the entire growth period of spring maize.Compared to CK,the SM treatment reduced soil temperatures in the 0~25 cm depth range by 0 to 1.1℃from the seedling to the maturity stage,whereas the BM treatment increased temperatures by 0.2 to 3.0℃.The greatest decrease and increase in soil temperature due to SM and BM treatments occurred during the seedling stage.Among soil layers,the average temperature in the 0 to 25 cm layer treated with SM was 0.6℃lower than CK,with the most significant reduction observed in the 10 cm layer.Conversely,the average temperature increase with BM was 0.6℃,with the largest increase observed in the 25 cm soil layer.Mulching also significantly enhanced dry matter accumulation per plant and grain yield of spring maize.Compared with CK,the dry matter accumulation per plant for SM and BM treatments increased by 32.4%and 34.6%,respectively,and grain yield increased by 13.4%and 48.9%,respectively.Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between maize grain yield and ear number(r=0.771*),indicating that mulching primarily increased corn yield by affecting the number of ear grains.【Conclusion】Both mulching film and straw strip mulching effectively regulated soil temperature throughout the entire growth period of spring maize and significantly increased dry matter accumulation and yield.Moreover,straw strip mulching can improve the resource utilization rate of waste straw,presenting a cultivation technique suitable for green and sustainable production of dryland maize.