贵州古旧方志载元人“阿画”之名考辨

Correction of the Name"A Hua"Recorded in the Ancient Local Chronicles of Guizhou in Yuan Dynasty

阿画,元武略将军,顺元等处军民宣抚使,为贵州土司水西安氏之祖。然贵州各古旧方志(1949年以前)对其名记载有“阿画”“阿昼”“阿尽”三种,学人未曾考辨,以至后世引用时沿袭旧误。本文结合贵州古旧方志和相关典籍详加考辨,认为“阿画”为确,历代典籍因“画”“昼”“尽”繁体字字形相近,抄刻疏漏,致“阿昼”“阿尽”之误。考诸史实,今所见“阿昼”之误,始自清雍正铜活字本《古今图书集成·明伦汇编》,今所见“阿尽”之误,始自民国十七年(1928)清史馆本《清史稿》。

A Hua,general of the Yuan Dynasty,and Xuan fu envoy of the army and people in Shun yuan,was the ancestor of Shui Xi family,the chief-secretary of Guizhou Province.However,in the ancient local Chronicles of Guizhou(before 1949),there are three records of their names,namely"A Hua","A Zhou"and"A Jin",which have not been investigated and analyzed by scholars.As a result,the old mistakes have been continued when cited by later generations.Based on a detailed study of Guizhou's ancient local Chronicles and relevant classics,this paper concludes that"A Hua"is correct,and that"A Zhou"and"A Jin"are incorrect because the characters of"A Hua","A Zhou"and"A Jin"are similar in traditional Chinese characters in previous dynasties.Reviewing all kinds of history books,the error of"A Zhou"we seen today started from the Qing Yongzheng bronze movable type edition"Ancient and Modern Books Collection·Ming Lun Collection",and the error of"A Jin"we seen today started from the 17th year of the Republic of China(1928)Qing History museum edition"Qing History Manuscript".