发酵桑叶及其在动物生产中的应用研究进展

Research progress of fermented mulberry leaves and its application in animal production

桑树是多年生落叶木本植物,其叶子为药食同源食品,近年来被广泛应用于饲料工业中。经发酵后的桑叶纤维素、单宁等抗营养因子含量降低,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、氨基酸、矿物质等含量丰富,且具有提高饲料转化率和改善畜产品品质等功效。文章主要介绍了桑叶常规营养成分、氨基酸、维生素、矿物质元素等含量,发酵常用的菌种以及发酵后桑叶营养成分、抗营养因子以及生物活性物质含量的变化,综述了发酵桑叶对猪、反刍动物、家禽、鱼类的生长性能、肉品质、肠道健康等方面的影响,展望了桑树用于饲料工业领域未来的研究方向,以期为桑树在动物生产中的高效利用提供参考。

Mulberry is a perennial deciduous woody plant,and its leaves are homologous food of medicine and food,which have been widely used in feed industry in recent years.After fermentation,the content of anti-nutritional factors such as cellulose and tannin in mulberry leaves is reduced,and the content of crude protein,crude fat,amino acids,and minerals is abundant,which has the effect of improving feed conversion rate and animal product quality.The paper mainly introduces the contents of conventional nutrients,amino acids,vitamins,and minerals in mulberry leaves,the commonly used strains for fermentation,and the changes of nutrients,anti-nutritional factors and bioactive substances in mulberry leaves after fermentation.The effects of fermented mulberry leaves on growth performance,meat quality,and intestinal health of pigs,ruminants,poultry and fish were summarized.The future research direction of mulberry in the field of feed industry was prospected,in order to provide a reference for the efficient utilization of mulberry in animal production.