流行性感冒患儿外周血MAIT细胞的免疫生物学特性

Immunobiological characteristics of peripheral blood MAIT cells in children with influenza

目的探讨流行性感冒患儿外周血黏膜相关恒定T(MAIT)细胞的变化及其临床意义。方法选取2023年1—5月就诊于某儿童医院感染科门诊和住院治疗的流行性感冒患儿,分为普通型组和重症型组,同时选择该院体检的健康儿童作为健康对照组。患儿入院24 h内抽血送检,采用流式细胞技术检测MAIT细胞(CD3^(+)CD161^(+)TCRVα7.2^(+)细胞)比例,表达PD-1、CD69、穿孔素、CD107α的MAIT细胞比例,比较各组差异。结果与对照组相比,普通型、重症型患儿外周血MAIT细胞比例逐步下降,表达CD69和穿孔素阳性的MAIT细胞比例逐步升高,三者间比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);表达CD107α的MAIT细胞比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);PD-1阳性的MAIT细胞比例升高(P<0.05),但普通型、重症型组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论外周血MAIT细胞减少伴免疫活化在流行性感冒发病中起一定作用。

Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of peripheral blood mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT)cells in children with influenza.Methods Children with influenza who received treatment in the outpatient and inpatient departments of a children’s hospital from January to May 2023 were selected and divided into the common type group and the severe type group.Healthy children who underwent physical examination in this hospital during the same period were selected as the healthy control group.Within 24 hours after admission,children’s venous blood was drawn for testing;ratios of MAIT cells(CD3^(+)CD161^(+)TCRVα7.2^(+)cells)and MAIT cells expressing PD-1,CD69,perforin,and CD107αwere tested by flow cytometry,respectively.Differences among all the groups were compared.Results Compared with the control group,the proportion of peripheral blood MAIT cells in children with common and severe influenza gradually decreased,while the proportion of CD69-expressing and perforin-positive MAIT cells increased gradually.Differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of MAIT cells expressing CD107(P>0.05).The proportion of PD-1 positive MAIT cells increased(P<0.05),but there was no statistically significant difference between the common type and severe type groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The decrease of peripheral blood MAIT cells accompanied with immune activation plays a role in the pathogenesis of influenza.