成渝绵“科技创新金三角”科学数据的可信流通研究--基于区块链与联邦学习的技术视角

Study on the Trustable Circulation of Scientific Data in the“Technology Innovation Golden Triangle”of Chengdu-Chongqing-Mianyang:Based on the Technical Perspective of Blockchain and Federated Learning

基于区块链与联邦学习融合创新的技术赋能视角,构建了成渝绵“科技创新金三角”科学数据的共享系统,旨在为促进科学数据在三方之间的开放共享提供技术支撑,以适应科学研究智能化对多源异构数据的大规模需求;在厘清现有科学数据共享存在阻力的基础上,探讨了“区块链+联邦学习”赋能科学数据可信共享的技术机理,并从模型交换、数据计算和激励机制3个方面阐述了具体的实现路径;根据研究结果,指出该共享系统既具有区块链的可追溯、防篡改、去中心化等可信特征,又具有联邦学习“数据不动模型动”的隐私保护功能,还具有这两种技术融合创新后所衍生的新特点,可概括为安全可靠、隐私保护、可扩展性和自动化激励,从而允许各方所掌握的科学数据在“不出域”的情况下亦能参与大规模的协同计算,有助于调动利益相关者的积极性,为科学知识的共同生产提供支撑平台。

Based on the technological empowerment perspective of the integration and innovation of blockchain and federated learning,this paper constructs a scientific data sharing system for the Chengdu-Chongqing-Mianyang“Technol⁃ogy Innovation Golden Triangle”,aiming to provide technical support for promoting the open sharing of scientific data among the three parties,in order to adapt to the large-scale demand for multi-source heterogeneous data in scientific re⁃search intelligence;and on the basis of clarifying the existing obstacles to scientific data sharing,explores the technical mechanism of“blockchain+federated learning”empowering trustable sharing of scientific data,and elaborates on the specific implementation paths from three aspects of model exchange,data calculation and incentive mechanism;and ac⁃cording to the research results,points out that the sharing system not only has trustable features of blockchain such as traceability,tamper resistance and decentralization,but also has the privacy protection function of federated learning’s “model moving while data no-moving”,and still has some new features derived from the integration and innovation of these two technologies,which can be summarized as security and reliability,privacy protection,scalability,and automa⁃ tion incentives,thus allowing the scientific data held by all parties to participate in large-scale collaborative computing without leaving the domain,which helps to mobilize the enthusiasm of stakeholders and provides digital platform support for the joint production of scientific knowledge.