山东省小麦条锈病发生和发展动态

Occurrence and Development Dynamics of Wheat Stripe Rust in Shandong Province

系统分析了山东省小麦条锈病近几年发生和发展动态,对山东省部分小麦主栽品种的抗条锈病水平进行梳理,并对小麦条锈病春季流行的传播源头及传播路径进行了探究,提出防控建议。结果表明,除2020年发生较重外,多个市(县)个别年份出现历史上较早发生的情况。山东省麦区小麦品种抗条锈病水平有所提升,在29个主栽品种中有12个品种具有中抗及以上条锈病抗性,占42.9%。春季流行的传播源头及传播路径目前有两种推论,一是陇南、四川盆地的菌源经陕西省中部向中原麦区传播;二是山东省麦区的条锈菌可能来自鄂西北冬繁区。提出两个方面的建议:一是加强对小麦条锈菌的基础研究,如山东省麦区条锈菌的优势生理小种、种群遗传结构和传播路径等;二是建立山东省小麦条锈菌监测的长期机制,如定期的生理小种监测,持续的品种抗锈性监测等。

Occurrence and development dynamics of wheat stripe rust in Shandong Province in recent years was analyzed,level of resistance to stripe rust of some main wheat cultivars in Shandong Province was analyzed,and source and route of transmission of wheat stripe rust in spring were discussed,prevention and control suggestions were proposed.Results showed that,except 2020,some counties and cities occurred earlier in some years.Resistance level of wheat varieties to stripe rust was increased in Shandong wheat region.Among 29 main cultivars,12(42.9%)had moderate or higher resistance to stripe rust.There are currently two inferences about transmission sources and paths of spring epidemics.Firstly,bacterial sources in Longnan and Sichuan Basin spread through central part of Shaanxi Province to the Central Plains wheat region.Secondly,stripe rust fungus in wheat region of Shandong Province may come from winter breeding area in northwest Hubei.Two suggestions were proposed.One was to strengthen basic research on wheat stripe rust,such as dominant physiological races,population genetic structure,and transmission pathways of stripe rust in wheat region of Shandong Province.The second was to establish a long-term mechanism for monitoring wheat stripe rust in Shandong Province,such as regular monitoring of physiological races and continuous monitoring of rust resistance of varieties.