NFT数字藏品交易的发行权性质证成——兼评“NFT侵权第一案”

Study on the Nature of Issuance Rights for Non-Fungible Token(NFT)Trading——Comment on the“First Case of NFT Infringement”

近年来,依托区块链技术,NFT数字藏品交易作为一种新兴的商业模式在快速发展的同时,也带来了法律适用上的挑战。NFT(非同质化通证)实质是区块链网络里具有唯一性的可倍数数字权益凭证。因此,相较于传统数字作品,NFT数字藏品最重要的特征在于其唯一性,从而具备了永久收藏的价值,NFT数字藏品交易可以达到“所有权转移”的效果。如果用信息网络传播权的相关规则对NFT数字藏品进行规制,将导致权利用尽原则的排除,无法对NFT数字藏品转售行为提供相应的法律保障,这违背了开放NFT数字藏品二级市场的趋势。为了使NFT数字藏品转售具有合法性,维持NFT数字藏品交易市场的秩序,文章认为有必要在NFT数字藏品交易领域破除发行权“有形载体”的传统要件,并对发行权用尽原则进行扩张解释与适用。

In recent years,relying on block-chain technology,NFT trading as an emerging business model has brought challenges to law application in spite of its rapid development.NFT is essentially a unique and multiplicable digital equity certificate in a block-chain network.Therefore,uniqueness is what distinguishes NFT from traditional digital works.Thus,NFT possesses value of permanent collection,and NFT trading can realize“ownership transfer”.If relevant provisions of information network dissemination rights are applied to NFT,it will lead to the exclusion of the“exhaustion of rights”principle and fail to provide legal protection for the resale of NFT,which goes against the trend of opening up the secondary market of NFT.Hence,to legalize the resale of NFT and maintain the order of the trading market,the article proposes that it is necessary to abolish the traditional requirement of“tangible carriers”,and expand the interpretation and application of the principle of exhaustion of issuance rights.