严寒地区超低能耗教学建筑新风系统适用性分析

Applicability Analysis of Fresh Air System in Teaching Buildings with Ultra-Low Energy Consumption in Severe Cold Area

目的 解决严寒地区超低能耗建筑中人员密集场所供暖期新风系统的适用性问题。方法 以沈阳市某小学教学楼中三种典型教室为例,应用Designbuilder软件建立能耗模型,分析自然通风、有无热回收的定(变)风量机械通风五种工况下超低能耗建筑的各项能耗、相对节能率和本体节能率,以及室内CO_(2)体积分数变化。结果 无热回收的变风量、有热回收的定(变)风量与无热回收的定风量机械通风相比,节能率分别为12%~30%、32%~46%、38%~57%;有热回收的变风量机械通风总能耗最低,且接近自然通风工况;五种工况室内CO_(2)体积分数均小于0.09%。结论 人员密集场所中有热回收的定(变)风量机械通风节能效果显著;建筑气密性的提高导致机械通风系统新风能耗增加,经济性和节能性下降。

The aim in this paper is to solve the applicability of fresh air system in the heating period of densely populated places for ultra-low energy buildings in cold areas.Three typical classrooms in a primary school in Shenyang taken as an example,an energy consumption model is established by Designbuilder software.The energy consumption,the energy saving rates,the relative energy efficiency and the variation of indoor CO 2 concentration for ultra-low energy consumption building are analyzed under five working conditions-natural ventilation,constant air volume mechanical ventilation with or without heat recovery,and variable air volume mechanical ventilation with or without heat recovery.Compared with mechanical ventilation with constant air volume without heat recovery,the energy saving rates of variable air volume without heat recovery and constant(variable)air volume with heat recovery are 12%~30%,32%~46%and 38%~57%respectively.The total energy consumption of variable air volume with the heat recovery is the lowest and close to natural ventilation,and the indoor CO 2 concentration is less than 0.09%under five working condition.The energy-saving effect of mechanical ventilation with constant(variable)air volume and heat recovery in crowded places is remarkable,and the improvement of building air tightness leads to the fresh air energy consumption increase of mechanical ventilation systems and the decrease of economic energy-saving performance of fresh air systems.