浅析帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪与诈骗罪共犯的界分

Analysis on the Distinction between the Crime of Assisting Information Network Crime and the Accomplice of Fraud

近年来,随着打击电信网络诈骗行动的持续推进和“断卡行动”的开展,帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪呈现井喷之势,理论界和实务界对帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪的理解和适用存在不同认识,主要体现在为网络犯罪活动提供帮助行为是认定为帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪还是上游诈骗犯罪的共犯。通过对裁判文书的整理分析可以发现,帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪与诈骗罪共犯认定的标准不统一,究其原因在于理论上没有厘清帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪主观故意认定及与上游诈骗罪共犯明知的区分边界。在区分帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪与诈骗罪共犯时,应借鉴《关于“断卡”行动中有关法律适用问题的会议纪要》规定,以共犯原理为基本落脚点,从主观罪责与客观行为两个方面来认定。主观方面,以诈骗罪共犯论处的宜限于通谋情形;对于主观上仅具有明知,原则上以帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪论处。客观方面,帮助行为与上游诈骗犯罪行为联系紧密,对上游诈骗犯罪起到实质推动作用的,以诈骗罪共犯论处。

In recent years,with the continuous promotion of the action of cracking down on telecom network fraud and the launching of the card-breaking action,the crime of helping information network criminal activities has shown a blowout trend,and there are some different understandings and applications about it in the theoretical and practical circles.It is mainly reflected in whether the act of providing assistance to cybercrime is identified as the crime of helping information cybercrime or the accomplice of upstream fraud.Through the collation and analysis of the judgment documents,it can be found that the standards for identifying the accomplices of the crime of assisting information network criminal activities and the crime of fraud are not unified.The reason is that there is no clear distinction between the subjective intent of the crime of assisting information network criminal activities and the knowledge of the accomplices of the upstream crime of fraud in theory.When distinguishing it from the accomplice of fraud,we should draw lessons from the provisions of“Minutes of the meeting on the application of relevant laws in the action of cutting off bank cards”,take the principle of accomplice as the basic foothold,and identify it from two aspects of subjective responsibility and objective behavior.Subjectively,the accomplice of the crime of fraud should be limited to conspiracy.Subjectively,in principle,the crime of helping information network criminal activities should be punished.Objectively,the act of helping is closely related to the crime of upstream fraud,and plays a substantial role in promoting it,so it should be punished as an accomplice of fraud.