基于主成分分析的通海乌天麻适宜采收期研究

Study on the Suitable Harvest Period of Gastrodia elata Bl.in Tonghai Based on Principal Component Analysis

【目的】为通海天麻质量评价标准和最佳采收期研究提供理论支撑。【方法】通过HPLC测定通海5个采收期的天麻有效成分天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇、巴利森苷A、巴利森苷B、巴利森苷C和巴利森苷E含量,结合天麻产量、蛋白质与多糖含量,采用主成分分析法计算各指标权重,综合评价通海天麻的最佳采收期。【结果】1月和2月采收的天麻产量显著高于其他采收期;2月采收的天麻,其天麻素和对羟基苯甲醇总含量显著高于其他采收期;12月采收的天麻,其巴利森苷类物质总含量显著高于其他采收期;10月、11月和1月采收的天麻,其蛋白质含量显著高于其他采收期;12月和1月采收的天麻,其多糖含量显著高于其他采收期。主成分分析结果显示:产量、巴利森苷类和多糖因子权重高于天麻素和对羟基苯甲醇,蛋白质因子权重与对羟基苯甲醇相近。12月采收期综合得分最高,为0.603。【结论】12月采收通海天麻最佳,在天麻质量评价上应重视巴利森苷类、多糖和蛋白质的含量。

[Purpose]To provide theoretical support for the quality evaluation standard and the best harvesting time of Gastrodia elata in Tonghai.[Methods]The contents of gastrodin,p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol,parishin A,parishin B,parishin C and parishin E of G.elata in five harvest periods in Tonghai were determined by HPLC.Combined with the yield,protein and polysaccharide content of G.elata,the weight of each index was calculated by principal component analysis(PCA),and the best harvest time of G.elata was obtained by comprehensive evaluation.[Results]The yield of G.elata harvested in January and February was significant higher than that in other harvest periods.The total content of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzoic acid harvested in February were significant higher than that in other harvest periods.The content of parishin harvested in December was significant higher than that in other harvest periods.The protein content harvested in October,November and January was significant higher than that in other harvest periods.The polysaccharide content harvested in December and January was significant higher than that in other harvest periods.PCA result showed that the weight of yield,parishin,and polysaccharide were higher than that of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol,and the weight of protein was close to p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol.The highest comprehensive score of harvesting in December of the planting year was 0.603.[Conclusion]The quality of G.elata harvested in December is the best in Tonghai,attention should be paid to the contents of parishin,polysaccharide and protein in the quality evaluation of G.elata.