隔盐材料对盐渍土水盐分布及蒸发特性的影响

Effects of Salt-isolating Materials on Water-salt Distribution and Evaporation Characteristic of Salinized Soil

【目的】通过探究隔盐材料土壤水盐运移规律,为盐渍土壤治理措施的合理选择、土壤盐渍化及区域生态修复提供科学依据。【方法】以云南省楚雄州禄丰市黑井镇骄子山隧道弃渣场的土壤为研究对象,选取紫茎泽兰(F1)、剑麻(X1)、小麦(D1)3种植物秸秆作为土壤隔盐材料,未设置隔层材料的红黏土为对照组(CK)开展室内土柱试验,测定土壤累积蒸发量、土壤剖面含水率、土壤盐分含量等。【结果】(1)土壤累积蒸发量表现为CK>D1>F1>X1,植物秸秆隔盐材料最大可降低22.69%的土壤水分蒸发率。(2)18~30 cm土壤剖面层平均含水率在整个试验过程中均表现为F1>X1>D1>CK;0~18 cm土壤剖面层平均含水率在试验初期至27 d时表现为F1>X1>D1>CK,在试验28 d至试验结束时均表现为CK>D1>X1>F1。(3)土壤平均含盐量表现为CK>D1>X1>F1,隔盐材料积盐率降低12%~35%。【结论】在蒸发试验中,隔盐材料有良好的阻滞水分上行和减缓盐分向隔层上部土壤积聚的作用,并具有保水性和抑制盐分表聚的作用,其中紫茎泽兰的效果最好。

[Purpose]To explore the regulation of soil water and salt transport of salt-insulating materials,providing a scientific basis for the rational selection of saline soil treatment measures,improvement of soil salinization and regional ecological restoration.[Methods]The soil of Jiaozishan Tunnel slag dump in Hejing Town,Lufeng City,Chuxiong Prefecture,Yunnan Province,was selected as the research object,and the three plant straws of Ageratina adenophora(F1),Agave sisalana Perr.ex Engelm.(X1)and wheat(D1),were used as soil salt-isolating materials,red clay without any salt-isolating materials were used as control group(CK)to carry out indoor soil column test,and the soil cumulative evaporation,soil profile moisture content and soil salt content were measured.[Results]1)The cumulative evaporation of soil was CK>D1>F1>X1,which could reduce the soil water evaporation rate by 22.69%.2)The average moisture content of soil profile layer in the 18-30 cm was F1>X1>D1>CK during the whole experiment;the average moisture content of 0-18 cm soil layer was F1>X1>D1>CK from the initial stage to the 27th day of the experiment,and presented as CK>D1>X1>F1 from the 28th day to the end of the experiment.3)The average salt content of soil was CK>D1>X1>F1,the salt accumulation rate was reduced by 12%to 35%.[Conclusion]In the evaporation test,the salt-isolating materials has good effects on blocking water up-welling and slowing salt accumulation to the soil above the spacer,and it has the effect of water retention and inhibiting salt surface accumulation,and the effect of A.adenophora is the best.