1~3岁食物过敏幼儿的饮食行为和社会情绪的现况研究

Current status of dietary behavior and social emotion in 1-3-year-old children with food allergy

目的探讨1~3岁食物过敏幼儿的饮食行为和社会情绪现状,以期能为食物过敏幼儿的护理和管理提供一定的参考和依据。方法使用方便抽样选择2021年1月—2023年11月在温州医科大学附属第二医院儿童消化科治疗的157例食物过敏幼儿为研究对象。使用基本资料问卷、儿童饮食行为调查问卷与12~36月龄幼儿情绪和社会性评估量表进行调查。结果69.4%(109/157)的食物过敏幼儿存在一种或多种饮食行为问题,其中40.8%(64/157)的幼儿对某种食物特别偏好,34.4%(54/157)的幼儿胃口差,32.5%(51/157)的幼儿父母过度关心,31.2%(49/157)的幼儿有不良进食习惯,9.6%(15/157)的幼儿害怕进食,4.5%(7/157)的幼儿潜在疾病状态。外化域T分为(54.32±10.76)分,内隐域为(49.63±10.13)分,失调域为(52.46±10.64)分,能力域为(46.84±10.12),总体异常比例为45.2%(71/157)。饮食行为正常组和饮食行为问题组在社会情绪外化域、内隐域、失调域和能力域方面差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论医务人员应引导照护者积极培养幼儿良好的饮食行为习惯,为幼儿创造和谐的家庭环境,促进其情绪和社会性行为的发展。

Objective To explore the current status of dietary behavior and social emotion of 1-3-year-old children with food allergy,and provide some reference and basis for the care and management of children with food allergy.Methods A total of 157 children aged from 1 to 3 years old with food allergy were recruited by convenience sampling from Pediatric Digestive Department of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2021 to November 2023.The survey was conducted using the basic information questionnaire,children dietary behavior questionnaire and emotional and social assessment scales for children aged 12 to 36 months.Results Sixty-nine point four percents(109/157)of food allergic children had one or more dietary behavior problems,with 40.8%(64/157)special preference for a food,34.4%(54/157)poor appetite,32.5%(51/157)parents overconcerned,31.2%(49/157)having bad eating habits,9.6%(15/157)fear of eating,4.5%(7/157)potential disease status.The T scores of externalization domain,implicit domain,disorder domain and competence domain were 54.32±10.76,49.63±10.13,52.46±10.64,and 46.84±10.12,respectively.The differences between the normal dietary behavior group,and the dietary behavior problem group in the externalization,implicit,disorder and competence domain were significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Medical staff should guide the caregivers to actively cultivate children's good dietary behavior habits,create a harmonious family environment,and promote the development of their emotional and social behaviors.