高氡地区居民室内氡来源及防护措施研究

Indoor Radon Sources and Protective Measures of Residents in High Radon Area

氡作为一种潜在的气态致癌物质,吸入后会对人体造成持续的内照射,为此,有必要厘清家庭室内氡来源,做好氡防护,减少氡危害。本研究以福建龙岩某城镇为例,通过对该地区地质条件、水源中氡浓度、室内空气中氡浓度、沐浴活动影响进行调研,探析该镇室内氡污染来源,并结合实证研究,提出相应的氡防治建议。研究结果表明,该地区居民室内氡主要受房屋建筑材料、室外空气、生活用水影响,其中,流经花岗岩地质的地下水使用,会引起室内氡浓度激增,甚至超过标准限值要求。同时,敞放状态能促进水中氡与空气中氡平衡,降低水中氡浓度,使得水中氡浓度遵循井水≥山泉水>河流水>水库水的规律。通过多级过滤、蒸馏、沸腾等方式进行水处理,能显著降低水中氡浓度。加强室内通风能减少室内空气中氡浓度水平。因此,为保障居民健康,建议居民在日常生活中,优先选用开放式水源,做好饮用水前处理,加强室内通风换气,降低室内氡浓度水平。

As a potential gaseous carcinogen,radon will cause continuous internal exposure to residents after inhalation.Therefore,it is necessary to clarify the sources of indoor radon,elevate radon protection,and prevent the harm of radon.This study took a town in Longyan,Fujian Province as an example.By investigating the geological conditions,groundwater radon concentration,indoor air radon concentration and the influence of bathing activities in the area,the sources of indoor air radon pollution in the town were explored,and the corresponding radon prevention and control suggestions were put forward based on empirical research.The research results showed that the indoor air radon of residents in this area was mainly affected by building materials,outdoor air and groundwater.Among them,the use of groundwater flowing through granite geology would cause a surge in indoor air radon,even exceeding the standard limit requirements.At the same time,the open state can promote the balance between radon in water and radon in air,reduce the radon concentration in water,and make the radon concentration in water follow the rule of well water,mountain spring water,river water,and reservoir water.The radon concentration in water can be significantly reduced by means of multistage filtration,distillation and boiling.Strengthening indoor ventilation can reduce the concentration of radon in indoor air.Conclusion In order to protect the health of residents,it is recommended that residents give priority to open water sources,concern of drinking water treatment,and strengthen indoor ventilation to reduce the radon in home.