母乳宏量营养素水平与婴儿生长发育关系的研究

Relationship Between Macronutrient Levels in Breast Milk and Infant Growth and Development

目的:分析母乳中蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物这三类宏量营养素水平与婴儿生长发育的关系。方法:本研究来源中国母乳成分数据库,采用横断面调查设计。在华北、东北、华东、华南、西南、西北招募6481名健康乳母,采用随机抽样抽取858份母乳,利用Miris人乳成分分析仪测定母乳中蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物水平,并测量婴儿体重、身长、头围等生长指标。采用GLM模型(Generalized Linear Model)分析母乳宏量营养素水平与婴儿体格发育指标之间的关联。结果:母乳蛋白质水平与WAZ(年龄别体重z评分)显著正关联(β=0.17,P<0.05);母乳脂肪水平与婴儿生长发育没有显著关联(BAZ中,β=0.036,P>0.05;LAZ中,β=-0.008,P>0.05;HCZ中,β=0.033,P>0.05;WAZ中,β=0.043,P>0.05;WLZ中,β=0.054,P>0.05)。母乳碳水化合物水平与LAZ(年龄别身长z评分)显著正关联(β=0.19,P<0.01)。结论:母乳蛋白质水平与婴儿体重、母乳碳水化合物水平与婴儿身长可能存在正关联。

【Objective】To analyze the relationship between the levels of protein,fat and carbohydrate in breast milk and infant growth and development.【Method】This study was based on the Chinese Breast Milk Composition Database and adopted a cross-sectional survey design.A total of 6481 healthy lactating women were recruited from North,Northeast,East,South,southwest and northwest China,and 858 breast milk samples were randomly sampled.MIRIS human milk composition analyzer was used to determine the levels of protein,fat and carbohydrate,and infant weight,length and head circumference were measured.GLM(generalized linear model)was used to analyze the association between maternal macronutrients and physical development indicators.【Result】Breast milk protein level was positively cor⁃related with WAZ(weight-for-age z score)(β=0.17,P<0.05).There was no significant association between breast milk fat level and infant growth and development(In BAZβ=0.036,P>0.05;In LAZ,β=-0.008,P>0.05;In HCZ,β=0.033,P>0.05;In WAZ,β=0.043,P>0.05;WLZ,β=0.054,P>0.05).The carbohydrate level in breast milk was positively correlated with LAZ(length-for-age Zscore)(β=0.19,P<0.01).【Conclusion】There may be positive correlations between breast milk protein level and infant weight,and breast milk carbohydrate level and infant length.