河北省康保牧场小型鼠种群数量及结构调查分析

Investigation and analysis of population quantity and structure of small rodents in Kangbao pasture of Hebei Province

目的调查康保牧场小型鼠种群结构和密度,分析其分布规律,为鼠类防治及动物鼠疫的预测预警提供可靠依据。方法应用Excel 2010软件对2005—2023年调查数据进行统计,分析小型鼠种群数量、种群结构特征及分布规律。结果2005—2023年共捕鼠825只,隶属于2科7属9种,优势鼠种是黑线仓鼠(占62.30%);林带的种群密度最高(184只,85.98%),黑线仓鼠是各个生境的优势鼠种;4、5、6、7、10月捕小型鼠数最多,占比79%以上,黑线仓鼠是各个月的优势鼠种,其中8月捕获数最高(占83.78%);小型鼠种群种类年际变化趋势为先增加后逐渐减少(y=-0.0541x^(2)+0.9607x+1.9706,R^(2)=0.5053),平均为5种(4.9±41.68),月变化趋势为逐渐递增[1.928In(x)+1.2886,R^(2)=102031],平均为5种(4.50±3.23)。结论小型鼠种群构成丰富,种群密度在不同生境、月份分布不均,种群结构整体较为稳定,应警惕其种类变化及优势鼠种对鼠间鼠疫疫情流行和传播带来的影响。

Objective To understand the population structure and density of small rats in Kangbao pasture and analyze its distribution law,and provide a reliable basis for rodent control and animal plague prediction and early warning in Kangbao pasture.Methods Using Excel 2010 software,the survey data of micratus from 2005 to 2023 were statistically analyzed,and the population size,population structure and distribution of micratus were analyzed.Results A total of 825 rodents were captured from 2005 to 2023,belonging to 2 families,7 genera and 9 species.The dominant species was Cricetulus barabensis(6230%).The population density in forest zone was the highest(184,8598%),and Cricetulus barabensis were the dominant species in each habitat.The number of small rodents caught in April,May,June,July and October was the highest,accounting for more than 79%.Cricetulus barabensis were the dominant species in each month,and the highest number of small rodents caught was in August(8378%).The interannual variation trend of rodent species was firstly increased and then gradually decreased(y=-00541x^(2)+09607x+19706,R^(2)=05053),with an average of 5 species(49±4168),and the monthly variation trend was gradually increased[1928In(x)+12886,R^(2)=102031].The average number was 5(450±323)Conclusion The population density of small rodents is unevenly distributed in different habitats and different months,and the population structure is relatively stable as a whole.Therefore,we should be vigilant about the influence of species changes and dominant rat species on the epidemic and transmission among rats.