2020—2023年沈阳市蚊虫监测分析

Surveillance of mosquitoes in Shenyang from 2020 to 2023

目的了解掌握沈阳市蚊虫种类、密度及季节消长等变化规律,为蚊虫防治提供科学依据。方法2020—2023年每年的5—10月,采用诱蚊灯法,在沈阳市城区(居民区、公园和医院)和农村(农户和牲畜棚)5类生境进行蚊虫监测。结果2020—2023年沈阳市共捕获蚊虫19734只,蚊虫种群构成中刺扰伊蚊、淡色库蚊、中华按蚊居前3位,分别占捕获总数的5425%、2551%和1815%。2020—2023年蚊虫平均密度为3947只/(灯·夜),不同生境蚊虫密度以牲畜棚最高,达41429只/(灯·夜),医院最低,为275只/(灯·夜)。蚊虫总体的季节消长情况呈单峰曲线,各年度蚊虫密度高峰期均在7—9月。结论沈阳市蚊虫防治以牲畜棚和农户为重点控制场所,对于监测到中华按蚊、朝鲜伊蚊等蚊虫场所要重点关注,有效地控制蚊媒传染病发生。

Objective To understand the variation of mosquito species,density and seasonal fluctuation in Shenyang,and to provide scientific basis for mosquito control.Methods From May to October 2020 to 2023,mosquito traps were used to monitor mosquitoes in urban areas(residential areas,parks and hospitals)and rural areas(farmers and livestock sheds)in Shenyang.Results A total of 19734 mosquitoes were captured in Shenyang from 2020 to 2023,and the top 3 mosquito populations were Aedes vexans,Culex pipiens pallens and Anopheles sinensis,accounting for 5425%,2551%and 1815%,respectively.The average mosquito density in 2020,2021 and 2023 was 3947 mosquitoes/(light·night),the highest density was 41429 mosquitoes/(light·night)in livestock sheds,and the lowest density was 275 mosquitoes/(light·night)in hospitals.The seasonal fluctuation of mosquitoes showed a unimodal curve,and the peak of mosquito density in each year was from July to September.Conclusion Livestock sheds and farmers are the key places for mosquito control in Shenyang,and more attention should be paid to the places where Anopheles sinensis and Aedes koreanus were detected to effectively control mosquito-borne infectious diseases.