正强化理论护理联合产前全程护理在妊娠期糖尿病患者中的应用效果

Application effects of positive reinforcement theory nursing combined with prenatal whole course nursing in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

目的:观察正强化理论护理联合产前全程护理在妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2022年1月至2023年2月该院收治的92例GDM患者的临床资料,根据护理方案不同将其分为观察组与对照组各46例。对照组给予产前全程护理,观察组在对照组基础上联合正强化理论护理,比较两组护理前后心理压力[妊娠压力量表(PPS)]评分、自我护理能力[自我护理能力测定量表(ESCA)]和不良妊娠结局发生率。结果:护理后,两组PPS评分均低于护理前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理后,观察组自我责任感、自我护理技能、自我概念和健康知识水平等ESCA评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组不良妊娠结局发生率为6.52%(3/46),低于对照组的23.91%(11/46),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:正强化理论护理联合产前全程护理应用于GDM患者可提高自我护理能力评分,降低心理压力评分和不良妊娠结局发生率,效果优于单纯产前全程护理。

Objective:To observe application effects of positive reinforcement theory nursing combined with prenatal whole course nursing in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods:The clinical data of 92 patients with GDM admitted to this hospital from January 2022 to February 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.According to different nursing schemes,they were divided into observation group and control group,46 cases in each group.The control group was given prenatal whole course nursing,while the observation group was combined with the positive reinforcement theory nursing on the basis of that of the control group.The scores of psychological stress[pregnancy pressure scale(PPS)]and self-care ability[exercise of self-care agency scale(ESCA)],and the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups before and after the nursing.Results:After the nursing,the PPS scores of the two groups were lower than those before the nursing,that in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).After the nursing,the ESCA scores of self-responsibility,self-care skills,self-concept and health knowledge in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Further,the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the observation group was 6.52%(3/46),which was lower than 23.91%(11/46)in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions:The positive reinforcement theory nursing combined with prenatal whole course nursing in the GDM patients can improve the self-care ability scores,reduce the psychological pressure scores and the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.Moreover,it is superior to single prenatal whole course nursing.