聊城市370例过敏性疾病患者血清过敏原特异性免疫球蛋白E检测及流行病学特征分析

Detection and epidemiological analysis of serum allergen specific immunoglobulin E in 370 patients with allergic diseases in Liaocheng City

目的分析过敏性疾病患者血清特异性免疫球蛋白E(sIgE)检测结果及过敏原特征。方法选取2022年4月至6月及2022年7月至9月聊城市东昌府区妇幼保健院过敏反应科收治的370例过敏性疾病患者为研究对象,对其进行血清sIgE检测,并对病例特征及过敏原情况进行分析。结果粉尘螨、小麦面粉、屋尘螨、菠萝和草莓是主要的过敏原,sIgE阳性率分别为70.00%、65.14%、62.43%、45.68%和44.32%;春季过敏性疾病患者227例,秋季143例,其中小麦面粉、粉尘螨、屋尘螨、菠萝和草莓是春季常见的过敏原,而粉尘螨、屋尘螨、鸡蛋、葎草和小麦面粉是秋季常见的过敏原;除艾蒿、悬铃木、白桦树、桃子、苹果、芒果、腰果、柏树之外,其他17种过敏原免疫球蛋白E(IgE)阳性率春季均高于秋季,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。按过敏原种类进行分析,春季和秋季排名前5的吸入性过敏原为粉尘螨、屋尘螨、葎草、普通豚草、柳树(春季)和艾蒿(秋季);春季排名前5的食物性过敏原为小麦面粉、菠萝、草莓、鸡蛋和大豆;秋季排名前5的食物性过敏原为鸡蛋、小麦面粉、菠萝、牛奶和草莓,且春季患者血清sIgE阳性率高于秋季,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别的主要过敏原种类及发病率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论粉尘螨、小麦面粉、屋尘螨、菠萝和草莓是血清sIgE阳性过敏性疾病患者的主要过敏原,其中粉尘螨是主要的吸入性过敏原,小麦面粉和鸡蛋是主要的食物性过敏原。不同季节sIgE阳性率存在差异。本研究结果为该地区过敏性疾病的预防和治疗提供了一定的参考依据。

Objective The detection results of serum specific immunoglobulin E(sIgE)in patients with allergic diseases and the characteristics of allergens were analyzed.Methods Serum sIgE of 370 patients with allergic diseases admitted to Department of Anaphylaxis in Materal and Child Health Care Hospital of Dongchangfu County from April to June 2022 and July to September 2022 was detected,and the characteristics and allergens of the cases were analyzed.Results The sIgE positive rates of dust mite,wheat flour,house dust mite,pineapple and strawberry were 70.00%,65.14%,62.43%,45.68%and 44.32%respectively.There were 227 patients with allergic diseases in spring and 143 in autumn.Wheat flour,house dust mite,house dust mite,pineapple and strawberry were common allergens in spring,while dust mite,house dust mite,egg,humulus scandens and wheat flour were common allergens in autumn.Except mugwormwood,sycamore,birch,peach,apple,mango,cashew and cypress,the immunoglobulin E(IgE)positive rates of other 17 allergens were higher in spring than in autumn,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The top 5 inhaled allergens in spring and autumn were dust mites,house dust mites,humulus scandens,common ragweed,willow(spring)and mugwormwood(autumn).The top 5 food allergens in spring were wheat flour,pineapple,strawberry,egg and soybean.The top 5 food allergens in autumn were egg,wheat flour,pineapple,milk and strawberry,and the positive rate of serum sIgE in spring was higher than that in autumn,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the types and incidence of major allergens between different genders(P>0.05).Conclusion Dust mite,wheat flour,house dust mite,pineapple and strawberry were the main allergens in patients with sIgE positive allergic diseases.Dust mite was the main inhalation allergen,wheat flour and egg were the main food allergens.The positive rate of sIgE was different in different seasons.The results of this study provide certain reference for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in this area.