老年骨质疏松症临床诊断及治疗药物研究进展

Research progress in clinical diagnosis and treatment drug of osteoporosis in the elderly

骨质疏松症是目前临床上最常见的慢性代谢性骨病,在老年人中尤其高发。骨质疏松症的诱因是患者机体内的骨吸收和骨形成之间存在不平衡。年龄增长、经期结束、营养失调,以及药物使用等均会诱发骨质疏松症。骨质疏松症患者常伴有骨折、全身疼痛,行动能力受损,机能损伤,易感染等一系列症状。因其高发病率及其引发的高死亡率,骨质疏松症已经成为我国乃至全世界一个极为严重的健康问题。老年骨质疏松症患者的临床诊断标准尚存在一定争议。包括X线计算机断层成像、高分辨率周边定量X线计算机断层成像和定量超声在内的新型诊断技术已经逐步应用于临床。目前,针对骨质疏松症的临床药物选择主要是抗再吸收和合成代谢药物。另外,联合用药以及新型药物亦在稳步推进中。针对该疾病的药物种类繁多,新旧不一,优缺互现,患者甄别存在很大的困难。本文基于目前老年骨质疏松症研究的最新进展,着重就其临床诊断和药物治疗等几个方面做一简要综述。

Osteoporosis is currently the most common chronic metabolic bone disease in clinical practice,with a particularly high incidence in the elderly.The trigger for osteoporosis is an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation in the patient's body.Aging,end of menstruation,nutritional disorders,and medication use can all trigger osteoporosis.Osteoporosis patients often have a series of symptoms such as fractures,systemic pain,impaired mobility,functional impairment,and susceptibility to infection.Because of its high incidence rate and high mortality rate,osteoporosis has become a very serious health problem in China and even the world.There is still some controversy regarding the clinical diagnostic criteria for elderly patients with osteoporosis.New diagnostic technologies,including X-ray computed tomography,high-resolution peripheral quantitative X-ray computed tomography,and quantitative ultrasound,have gradually been applied in clinical practice.At present,the main clinical drug choices for osteoporosis are anti resorption and anabolic drugs.In addition,combination therapy and new drugs are also steadily advancing.There are a wide variety of drugs for this disease,with new and old ones varying,and the advantages and disadvantages coexist,making it very difficult to identify patients.This article is based on the latest progress in research on elderly osteoporosis,focusing on its clinical diagnosis and drug treatment.