2013—2022年浙江省台州市流感样病例监测的病原学分析

Etiological analysis of influenza-like cases in Taizhou City,Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2022

【目的】分析2013—2022年浙江省台州市流感样病例(ILI)监测的病原学结果,及时了解流感病毒流行趋势,发现优势病毒株的变化规律,为该地区流感防控提供参考。【方法】收集24 183例ILI标本,采用实时荧光PCR方法对流感病毒核酸进行检测。【结果】24 183例标本流感病毒总阳性率18.43%,其中构成比最高者为季H3亚型(占37.34%)。不同性别之间阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.148,P=0.701)。不同年龄段之间阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=496.626,P<0.001),其中25~59岁年龄组阳性率最高(22.56%)。ILI数量与流感阳性率呈正相关(r=0.592,P<0.001)。不同年份之间阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1 670.922,P<0.001),2013—2019年阳性率呈上升趋势(χ^(2)=30.559,P<0.001),2020年阳性率最低(0.04%),2021—2022年阳性率呈上升趋势(χ^(2)=304.465,P<0.001)。不同监测年度优势株不同。不同月份之间流感阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1 652.455,P<0.001),流感高峰主要集中在当年12月至次年3月和7—8月。【结论】2013—2022年台州地区流感病毒阳性率呈波浪型动态变化,不同年度流行优势株不同,呈交替流行特点,应继续加强流感病毒病原学监测和完善流感疫苗接种等防控措施。

[Objective]To analyze the etiological results of influenza-like case surveillance in Taizhou,Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2022,to timely understand the epidemic trend of influenza viruses and the change rule of dominant virus strains,and to provide reference for the prevention and control of influenza in this region.[Methods]Influenza virus nucleic acid was detected by real-time PCR in 24183 influenzalike cases.[Results]The positive rate of influenza virus in 24183 samples was 18.43%,the highest positive type was seasonal H3(37.34%).There was no a significant difference in positive rate between different genders(χ^(2)=0.148,P=0.701).There was significant difference in the positive rate among different age groups(χ^(2)=496.626,P<0.001),and the highest positive rate was found in the 25‒59 age group(22.56%).The positive rate in different years was statistically significant(χ^(2)=1670.922,P<0.001).The positive rate from 2013 to 2019 showed an upward trend(χ^(2)=30.559,P<0.001).The lowest positive rate was in 2020(0.04%),and the positive rate from 2021 to 2022 showed an upward trend(χ^(2)=304.465,P<0.001).The dominant strains were different in different monitoring years.There was a significant difference in the positive rate of influenza in different months(χ^(2)=1652.455,P<0.001),and the peak of influenza was mainly concentrated in December‒March and July‒August.[Conclusion]From 2013 to 2022,the positive rate of influenza virus in Taizhou showed a wavy dynamic change,and the dominant strains were different in different years,presenting alternate epidemic characteristics.It is necessary to strengthen the etiological surveillance of influenza virus and improve the prevention and control measures with influenza vaccine.