基于《神农本草经》浅析黄芩在经方中的应用特点

Application Characteristics of Huangqin in Classical Formulas Based on Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica

《伤寒杂病论》和《神农本草经》均约成书于东汉末年,二者理论关系密切。用《神农本草经》的药物理论理解张仲景的用药思路更为恰当。黄芩是《伤寒杂病论》中常用药物之一,《神农本草经》描述其功效为“味苦,平。主诸热,黄疸,肠澼,泄痢,逐水,下血闭,恶疮疽蚀,火疡”。在《伤寒杂病论》中,主治诸热时,多配伍柴胡、黄连,以小柴胡汤、大黄黄连泻心汤、黄连阿胶汤为代表方。治疗黄疸时,常配伍柴胡,以小柴胡汤为代表方。治疗肠澼、泄痢时,多配伍芍药、黄连,以黄芩汤、葛根芩连汤为代表方。主治恶疮疽蚀时,多配伍半夏、黄连,甘草泻心汤是代表方剂。以《神农本草经》推敲医圣张仲景的用药思路,以《伤寒杂病论》中的条文和临床来理解《神农本草经》中药物所载功效,是学习两部经典著作的正确方法。

Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases and Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica were both written in the late Eastern Han dynasty,and their theories were closely related.It is more appropriate to use the drug theory of Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica to understand Zhang Zhongjing’s drug use thought.Huangqin(Scutellariae Radix)is one of the commonly used medicines in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases.Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica describes its effect as“bitter and smooth.Indications of heat,jaundice,intestinal stasis,dysentery,water,blood closed,evil sores erosion,fire choice”.In Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases,bupleurum and coptis chinensis were mainly used in treating various febres,with Xiaochaihu Decoction,Dahuang Huanglian Xiexin Decoction and Huanglian Ejiao Decoction as representative prescriptions.In the treatment of jaundice,bupleurum is often combined,with Xiaochaihu Decoction as the representative prescription.In the treatment of intestinal stasis and dysentic disease,peony and scutellaria were more compatible,with Huangqin Decoction and Gegenqinlian Decoction as representative prescriptions.The main indications of evil sores are pinellia and coptis,and the representative prescription is Gancao Xiexin Decoction.To understand the medical sage Zhang Zhongjing’s thinking of drug use with Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica,the article and clinical application of Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases are used to understand the efficacy of drugs in Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica,these are the right ways to learn two classic books.