《1844年经济学哲学手稿》劳动观意蕴探析

Analysis of the Connotation of Labor Concept in Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

劳动创造了财富,创造了历史。《1844年经济学哲学手稿》以劳动为视角,阐释了在资本主义制度下无产阶级劳动的实质,由工人与劳动的产品相异化、与劳动的过程相异化、与人的类本质相异化的社会现象,最后推断出在资本主义制度下人与人相异化的结论。这种异化了的劳动成为了资本家奴役工人的工具。马克思通过透视异化劳动,批判了旧的劳动观念,把握了资本主义社会发展的内在矛盾。马克思在《手稿》中认为,资本主义制度下的劳动是失去人本真的活动,要使得劳动成为人自由自觉的活动,就必须扬弃私有制,实现共产主义。分析和研究异化劳动不仅对指导我国社会主义现代化建设有重要的意义,而且为实现人的全面解放提供了指引。

Labor creates wealth and history.Economic and Philosophical Manuscript of 1844,from the perspective of labor,explains the essence of proletarian labor under the capitalist system,which is a social imagination of the differentiation between workers and the products of labor,the process of labor,and the essence of human beings.Finally,it infers the conclusion of the differentiation between people under the capitalist system.This alienated labor became a tool for capitalists to enslave workers.Marx criticized the old concept of labor and grasped the inherent contradictions in the development of capitalist society by examining alienated labor.Marx believed in Economic and Philosophical Manuscript of 1844 that labor under the capitalist system is an activity that loses its true human nature.To make labor a free and conscious activity of human beings,it is necessary to abandon private ownership and achieve communism.Analyzing and studying alienated labor is not only of great significance in guiding China’s socialist modernization construction,but also provides guidance for achieving comprehensive human liberation.