中华人民共和国初期确定优先发展重工业战略的原因探析

Analysis of the Reasons for Prioritizing the Development of Heavy Industry Strategy in the Early Years of the Founding of the PRC

中华人民共和国成立初期,关于中华人民共和国的工业发展战略,中共领导层最初曾有过优先发展农业和轻工业的想法,但最终确定了优先发展重工业的战略。优先发展重工业战略的确定,是在当时的历史背景下,由多种必要性和可能性因素共同作用促成的。必要性主要有新中国当时的重工业基础非常薄弱、严峻的国内外形势、充满风险的外贸形势和苏联优先发展重工业的示范效应。可能性主要有苏联对华援助的确定、中国资源丰富、中国共产党严密有力的组织体系和超强的执行能力。这一战略的实施使新中国彻底扭转了旧中国留下的工业基础极度薄弱的局面,从此逐步建立起社会主义工业体系。

In the early days of the founding of the PRC,the leadership of the Communist Party of China initially had the idea of prioritizing the development of agriculture and light industry,but ultimately determined the strategy of prioritizing the development of heavy industry.The determination of the strategy of prioritizing the development of heavy industry was facilitated by multiple necessary and possible factors in the historical context at that time.The necessity mainly included the weak foundation of heavy industry in New China at that time,the severe domestic and international situation,the risky foreign trade situation,and the demonstration effect of the Soviet Union’s priority development of heavy industry.The main possibilities are the determination of Soviet aid to China,China’s rich resources,the tight and powerful organizational system of the CPC and its super strong implementation capacity.The implementation of this strategy completely reversed the extremely weak industrial foundation left by the old China,and gradually established a socialist industrial system from then on.