新质生产力:中国式现代化的新动能与新路径

New Quality Productive Forces:New Driving Force and New Path for Chinese Modernization

纵观西方现代化和中国式现代化的历史进程,生产力的持续发展是现代化的共同特征。人类历史上每一次生产力的重大跃升都以一系列开创性的科学发现和技术突破为先导,因而科技创新是社会生产力发展的关键因素。随着新一轮科技革命和产业变革的孕育兴起,新质生产力将取代传统生产力,成为推动中国式现代化的重要力量。新质生产力是以科技创新为主导,实现关键性、颠覆性技术突破的生产力,本质上是社会生产力的一次重大跃升。发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点,亦是中国式现代化的必然选择。加快形成新质生产力以推进中国式现代化,应在宏观层面坚持市场与政府有机结合,使二者协力推动科技创新;应在中观层面培育战略性新兴产业和未来产业,增强发展新动能;应在微观层面坚持“两个毫不动摇”,激发各类创新主体活力。

In the 18th century,there were major inventions such as the steam engine,which led to the first Industrial Revolution and the beginning of the modernization of human society.With the deepening of modernization theory,economists have found that scientific and technological progress is an important factor in promoting economic growth from the successful development experience of developed countries.Based on his observations of capitalist society,Marx also expressed his thoughts on modernization.Material means of production is the final decisive force of social development,so the change of the mode of production is the fundamental driving force of the change of social form.In addition,technology is the key factor in the transformation of production mode.Although the modernization modes of countries in the world are different,the continuous development of social productive forces is the common feature of modernization.The continuous development of productive forces has been the fundamental driving force for promoting Chinese modernization,and scientific and technological innovation has always been a key factor in enhancing social productivity.With the emergence of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation,new quality productive forces will replace traditional productive forces and become an important force in promoting Chinese modernization.The new quality productive forces are the productive forces led by scientific and technological innovation to achieve key and subversive technological breakthroughs.In theory,it is the development and innovation of Marxist productivity theory,and in essence,it is another major leap in social productivity.Developing new productive forces is the inherent requirement and important focus of promoting high⁃quality development,and therefore is the inevitable choice of Chinese modernization.Accelerating the formation and development of new quality productive forces is a new driving force and a new path for Chinese modernization.At the macro level,we should adhere to the organic combination of the market and the government.We must respect the laws of the market,so that enterprises can continue to unleash vitality and creativity,and rely on the guidance of the government to promote the R&D of major basic and key technologies.At the medium level,strategic emerging industries and industries of the future should be fostered to enhance new growth drivers.At the micro level,we should adhere to the“two unswervinglys”and stimulate the vitality of various innovative subjects.State⁃owned enterprises occupy key industries in the national economy and should play an exemplary role in leading innovation.Private enterprises are an important force for scientific and technological innovation and change,and they should fully unleash the vitality of innovation.