后发企业突破关键核心技术的机制研究--基于创新要素组合视角

Breakthrough Mechanism of Key Core Technologies of Latecomer Firms:From the Perspective of Combination of Innovative Elements

突破关键核心技术对科技竞争和国家安全具有重要的战略意义。在中国技术创新的新阶段,复杂产品后发企业是解决关键核心技术“卡脖子”难题的重要创新主体。本文采用探索性单案例研究方法研究铁建重工研制盾构机的过程。研究发现,后发企业聚焦突破两类关键核心技术:可靠性关键核心技术和原理性关键核心技术,突破这两类关键核心技术所需的创新要素组合分别为面向市场应用的成长式创新要素组合和面向技术研发的攻关式创新要素组合。两类创新要素组合以及“双向链接”机制是增强企业创新主体地位和提升技术创新能力进而突破关键核心技术的关键。本文揭示了创新要素组合对后发企业突破关键核心技术的作用机制,丰富了后发企业技术追赶理论。同时,本文对中国后发企业通过创新要素组合突破关键核心技术具有指导意义。

The combination of innovative elements is pivotal for achieving breakthroughs in key core technologies.However,existing literature inadequately explores the micro⁃level combination of innovative elements.Specifically,it fails to reveal the underlying mechanism driving breakthroughs in key core technologies for latecomer firms from the perspective of a combination of innovative elements.This paper takes the China Railway Construction Heavy Industry(CRCHI)as the subject.Employing an exploratory single case study,this paper gathers and analyzes data related to the development of shield machines by CRCHI.This paper reveals the role of a combination of innovative elements in breakthroughs in key core technologies for latecomer firms.Results indicate that latecomer firms focus on reliability⁃oriented key core technologies and principle⁃oriented key core technologies.The required combinations of innovation elements of these two kinds of key core technologies are the growth⁃oriented one for the market application and the tackling⁃oriented one for the technology R&D.Furthermore,breakthroughs in these two types of key core technologies are complementary.The mechanism of the bidirectional link is the key to boosting the principal role of firms in innovation activities and enhancing their technological innovation ability.This paper contributes to existing literature in the following three aspects.Firstly,this paper reveals the differences in the paths of latecomer firms breaking through different types of key core technologies.Secondly,this paper discusses the differences in the combination of innovative elements required to break through reliability⁃oriented key core technologies and principle⁃oriented key core technologies.This paper points out that entrepreneurial spirit elements,member elements,and resource elements play different roles in breaking through different types of key core technologies.Thirdly,this paper reveals the bidirectional link mechanism for latecomer firms to break through key core technologies,which provides a new perspective for understanding the strengthening of the principal role of firms in innovation activities and the improvement of technological innovation ability.This paper,to a certain extent,reveals the internal mechanism of the combination of innovative elements in the process of breaking through key core technologies,which helps government departments create a suitable business environment and formulate corresponding innovation policies.It provides policy support for stimulating the innovation vitality of firms and provides suggestions for latecomer firms to break through key core technologies through the combination of innovative elements.