家校社协同开展科学教育的形势研判、关键挑战与政策路径--基于中国东中西部21省9199份调查问卷的实证分析

Situation Assessment,Key Challenges and Policy Paths of Family-School-Society Collaboration in Science Education-Empirical Analysis Based on 9199 Questionnaires from 21 Provinces in East,Central and Western China

家校社协同开展科学教育,是建设高质量科学教育体系的必然要求,也是科学教育的本质特点决定的。在科学教育的实施中,我国以多元主体推进科学教育内容的开发、家校社基于项目协同开展科学教育、建立科学设施和场馆的科学教育共促渠道,取得良好效果。然而,在高质量科学教育体系建设中,学校科学教育师资薄弱、协同运行机制缺失,家庭科学教育的认知、能力、资源有待改进,社会科学教育布局、联动和共享机制不健全,科学教育多主体协同组织、机制、动力缺失,其制约科学教育的深入开展。这迫切需要顶层设计与基层探索相结合,建立家校社协同开展科学教育组织机制、建立科学教师培养培训一体化制度、建立标准化的科学教师专兼职聘任制度、建立家校社开展科学教育资源拓展机制、建立多元主体互促的科学教育评价体系。

Collaborative development of science education among family-school-society is an inevitable requirement for building a high-quality science education system,and it is also determined by the essential characteristics of science education.In the implementation of science education,China promotes the development of science education content through diverse subjects.Family-school-society cooperates in carrying out science education based on projects and establishing a joint promotion channel for science education through scientific facilities and venues achieving good results.However,in the construction of a high-quality science education system,school science education teacher is weak,and the cooperative operation mechanism is lacking.The knowledge,ability,and resources of family science education need to be improved.The layout,linkage,and sharing mechanism of social science education need to be promoted.The multi subject collaborative organization,mechanism,and motivation of science education need improvement.The above constraints hinder the deepening of science education.This urgently requires the combination of top-level design and grassroots exploration,the establishment of an organizational mechanism for family-school-society to coordinate science education,the establishment of an integrated system for the cultivation and training of science teachers,the establishment of a standardized full-time and part-time employment system for science teachers,the establishment of a mechanism for expanding resources for science education in the family-school-society,and the establishment of a scientific education evaluation system with multiple subjects promoting each other.