“X的X,Y的Y”构式的形、动二分格局及其特征探析

On the Two Subschemas of the structure of“X de(的)X,Yde(的)Y”and the Related Issues

“X的X,Y的Y”是一种常见的构式,其构式义是对人或事物状态的多种描绘,以及对动作或事件的分项列举。通过分析“X的X,Y的Y”构式的构成成分,发现“X的X,Y的Y”构式在形式、功能上呈现出明显的形、动二分格局,并具有以下特征:形容词、动词以外的词类不能进入该构式;形容词类“X的X,Y的Y”构式总表示消极义;“X的X”或“Y的Y”不能单说。本研究集中描写“X的X,Y的Y”构式在形容词类和动词类上的差异,并运用语言使用中的语用推理、认知框式激活效应以及信息结构的足量原则等对上述语言现象作出一定的解释,以期为现代汉语常见构式的研究提供借鉴,同时加深对现代汉语动词词类、形容词词类范畴的认识。

As a common structure,“X of X,Y of Y”is a combination of form and function and a common structure composed of two subject-verb structural forms.By analyzing the components of the“X of X,Y of Y”structure,we find that the“X of X,Y of Y”structure presents an obvious dichotomy of form and function in form and function,and has the following characteristic.Parts of speech other than adjectives and verbs cannot enter the structure.The adjective class“X of X,Y of Y”structure always denotes a negative meaning.“X of X”or“Y of Y”cannot be said alone.This paper focuses on the differences between adjective and verb classes of the“X of X,Y of Y”structure,and uses pragmatic reasoning in language use,cognitive box activation ef-fect,and the principle of sufficiency of information structure to explain the above language phenomena,in hope of providing a reference for the study of common structures in modern Chinese and deepening our under-standing of the categories of verbs and adjectives in modern Chinese.