数字人文方法论应用及审思——对“最佳应对COVID-19”获奖项目的分析

Application and Reflection of Methodology in Digital Humanities——Analysis of“Best DH Response to COVID-19”Winners

从方法论角度建立数字人文学术规范有助于学科发展,亦对人文科学研究方法构成补充。文章采用案例调研和内容分析法,聚焦数字人文方法论的具体应用场景,选取39项国际数字人文“最佳应对COVID-19”获奖项目作为样本;以WSR系统方法论为理论基础,抽取“物理维—事理维—人理维”框架下的方法论单元;对样本进行编码著录和内容分析,揭示数字人文方法论的主要特征。研究表明样本项目善用数字人文方法论解决人文问题:在物理维度上,聚焦疫情现实问题,提供数字空间服务;在事理维度上,突破定量研究思维,强调阐释和实证并重;在人理维度上,参与主体的多元化特征显著,回归人文现象观察与展示。文章建议研究者在应用数字人文方法论时,加强对数字资源利用的反思,即以人文属性为核心、计算属性为辅助,回答人文问题的本质。

Establishing academic norms for digital humanities from a methodological perspective is conducive to the development of academic disciplines and complements the existing research methods in the humanities.Focusing on the specific application scenarios of digital humanities methodology,this paper examines 39"Best DH Response to COVID-19"award-winning projects using case study and content analysis methods.Based on the WSR system methodology,the methodological units are extracted under the framework of"Wuli-Shili-Renli";the samples are coded,categorized and analyzed in order to reveal the main characteristics of digital humanities methodology.This study finds that these projects make good use of methodology in digital humanities to solve humanistic problems:in the Wuli dimension,they focus on the practical issues regarding COVID pandemic and provide digital space services;in the Shili dimension,they break the quantitative research thinking and emphasize both interpretation and empirical study;in the Renli dimension,with the diversified participants as a prominent feature,they return to the humanistic observation and demonstration.It is recommended that when researchers apply digital humanities methodology in a way that promotes reflection on the use of digital resources,i.e.,facing up to the nature of humanistic questions with humanistic attributes at the center and computational attributes as auxiliary.