《诗经》的婚恋阐释与汉代儒学的重建

The Interpretation of Love and Marriage in Shijing and the Reconstruction of Confucianism in Han Dynasty

爱情婚恋诗是《诗经》的一大主题,但在经学阐释的影响下,成为儒家精神载体。汉代儒士以经释诗,发挥诗歌的讽谏功能进行“刺时”,儒学逐渐回归政治中心,儒生可借用灾异祥瑞达到对天子权力制约的目的。进入“天变不足畏”的宋代,欧阳修、朱熹开始辩证看待《诗经》中的爱情诗,将其纳入义理范围,把大多的婚恋视作“淫奔”。从“刺时”到“刺奔”的转变,表明随着皇权的巩固加深,对经典的阐释逐渐丧失其对天子的制约作用,道德枷锁指向下层民众,儒生们日渐丧失先秦儒家的人文关怀精神。以上婚恋诗主题阐释的演变反映了思想的演变,也是儒学精神的变迁。

Love and marriage poetry is a major theme in Shijing,but under the influence of the interpretation of Confucian classics,it has become the carrier of Confucian spirit.Confucian scholars in the Han Dynasty used the interpretation of poetry to give play to the function of ironic remonstration of poetry to“irony the times”,Confucianism gradually returned to the political center,Confucian scholars could use the disaster to achieve the purpose of restricting the power of the emperor.In the Song Dynasty,when the change of heaven was not enough to be feared,Ou-Yang Xiu and Zhu Xi began to look at the love poems in Shijing dialectically,bring them into the scope of righteousness,and treat most love and marriage as“scurriness”.The change from“irony the times”to“irony the elopement”indicates that with the consolidation of imperial power,the interpretation of classics gradually lost its restriction on the son of heaven,the moral shackles pointed to the lower masses,and the Confucian scholars lost the humanistic care spirit of pre-Qin Confucianism.The evolution of the above theme interpretation of love and marriage poems reflects the evolution of thought and the change of Confucian spirit.